特殊教育迈向特别支援教育:日本特别支援教育政策分析  

Special Education Towards Support Education:Analysis of Japanese Special Support Education Policies

作　　者：宋武全 刘俊凤 张照旭[2,3] SONG Wuquan;LIU Junfeng;ZHANG Zhaoxu(School of Foreign Languages,Huzhou University,Huzhou,313000;School of Foreign Languages,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092;The Research Center for the Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092;School of Foreign Languages,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng,252000)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院外国语学院,湖州313000 [2]同济大学外国语学院,上海200092 [3]同济大学中国特色社会主义理论研究中心,上海200092 [4]聊城大学外国语学院,聊城252000

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2025年第2期86-96,共11页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：2007年《学校教育法》的修订标志着日本“特殊教育”向“特别支援教育”转换,助力融合教育开启新篇章。通过考察日本49份特别支援教育政策文本,提炼出“建构政策机制”“促进师资发展”“改革教育教学”“强化社会参与”“推动融合教育”5个核心范畴。从政策工具视角,可发现政策工具组合在发挥教育供给侧主体性作为、提供个性化教育支援等方面发挥重要作用。可以说,日本特别支援教育政策经历了从规划铺陈到构建保障、从权威本位到个性多元的演进历程,为融合教育奠定了坚实基础。考察日本特别支援教育的政策机制和实践逻辑,可为我国在优化政策工具组合、保证政策议题与政策工具同频共振、深化融合教育理念等方面提供借鉴。The revision of the School Education Act in 2007 marked a transition from"special education"to'special support education"in Japan,opening a new chapter for inclusive education.By examining 49 policy texts on special support education,five core categories were identified:"constructing policy mechanisms",'promoting teacher development","reforming educational practices","strengthening social participation",and"advancing inclusive education".From the perspective of policy instruments,it is evident that a combination of policy instruments plays a crucial role in providing educational supply-side agency and individualized educational support.It can be said that Japan's special support education policies have evolved from planning and layout to the establishment of safeguards,shifting from authority-centric to diversity-oriented approaches,laying a solid foundation for inclusive education.Analyzing the policy mechanisms and practical logic behind Japan's special support education can offer valuable insights for our country in optimizing the combination of policy instruments,ensuring synchronization between policy issues and instruments,and deepening the concept of inclusive education.

关 键 词：日本 特别支援教育 文本分析 政策工具 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]