从认知心理学谈着陆技能的开发  

On the Development of Landing Skills from the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology

作　　者：吴杨 WU Yang(Zhuhai XiangYi Aviation Technology Company Limited,Zhuhai 519000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海翔翼航空技术有限公司,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《民航学报》2025年第2期135-139,134,共6页Journal of Civil Aviation

基　　金：中国民航循证训练(EBT)数据报告(无基金号)。

摘　　要：本文基于认知心理学视角,探讨飞行员着陆技能培养。着陆技能是评价飞行员技术的关键,但传统训练缺乏统一标准,难以形成稳定的优秀技能。文章分析了技能习得认知过程,包括感知、注意、记忆等,并强调通过刻意练习和反馈来掌握技能。文章首先提出着陆技能的心理模型,讨论了飞机控制轴、稳定进近、速度姿态控制和拉平法则等技术要点。其次构建了着陆训练方案,包括视觉模型构建、侧杆动作反馈,以及针对飞机三轴的独立和整合练习,以培养飞行员对飞机姿态的精确控制和复杂心理表征。最后指出,着陆技能提升是一个系统工程,需结合认知心理学原理、飞机操纵法则和有目的的练习,以提高飞行员在多变环境中的警觉性和应对能力,确保飞行安全。This paper discusses the training of pilot landing skills from the perspective of cognitive psychology.Landing skills are the key to evaluating pilot skills, but traditional training lacks a unified standard and it is difficult to form stable excellent skills. This paper analyzes the cognitive process of skill acquisition, including perception, attention, memory, etc., and emphasizes mastering skills through deliberate practice and feedback.Firstly, the psychological model of landing skills is presented, and the key points of aircraft control axis, steady approach, velocity attitude control and leveling rule are discussed. Secondly, a landing training scheme is constructed, including visual model construction, side rod action feedback, and independent and integrated exercises for the three axes of aircraft, so as to cultivate the pilot' s accurate control of the aircraft attitude and complex mental representation. At last, it is pointed out that the improvement of landing skills is a systematic project, which requires the combination of the principles of cognitive psychology, the rules of aircraft control and purposeful exercises, in order to improve the alertness and coping ability of pilots in a changing environment and ensure flight safety.

关 键 词：认知心理学 着陆技能 飞行员训练 心理模型 技能习得 

分 类 号：V325[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]