雅俗之辨与王世贞的通俗文艺编著权问题  

The Distinction between the Elegant and the Popular and the Issue of Wang Shizhen's Authorship of Popular Literary Works

作　　者：黄飞立 Huang Feili

机构地区：[1]中华书局

出　　处：《中国出版史研究》2025年第2期63-76,共14页Research on the History of Publishing in China

摘　　要：王世贞与《金瓶梅》《鸣凤记》《艳异编》《世说新语补》等通俗文艺编著权的关系一直聚讼不已。《金瓶梅》《鸣凤记》自流传之日起就一直传为王世贞所作,起码王作说最为一般人所接受。但自从二十世纪二三十年代鲁迅、吴晗否定了王世贞的《金瓶梅》著作权,七十年代以来又有学者对于《鸣凤记》王世贞创作说提出质疑和否定,这两部原本被认为是王世贞俗文学创作实绩最为重要的代表与王世贞之间的关系就变得若即若离、模糊不清了。这种既无法肯定又无法彻底否定的状况,无疑既与传统社会文人雅俗观念即所谓雅俗之辨相关,又与明中后期发达的商业、出版影响下所形成的俗文学的创作与流布特点有关,正是这种特点导致了相关史料的匮乏和模糊:我们既无法在王世贞《四部稿》《续稿》《弇山堂别集》及其他确定为王氏所作的文字中找到任何关于其创作《金瓶梅》《鸣凤记》二书的印证,甚至也难觅他对二书的评论性文字;同时,又有其他史料隐约地告诉我们,王世贞与二书的创作与流播有着丝丝缕缕的关系。这也是为什么直到今天,《金瓶梅》《鸣凤记》等的编著权依然模糊不清、无法论断的根本原因。There has long been controversy over Wang Shizhen's authorship of popular literary works such as Jin Ping Mei,Ming Feng Ji,Yan Yi Bian,and Shi Shuo Xin Yu Bu.Since the time of their initial circulation,there has been the belief that Wang Shizhen was the author of Jin Ping Mei and Ming Feng Ji,at least as accepted by the general reader.However,in the 1920s and 1930s,Lu Xun and Wu Han denied Wang's authorship of Jin Ping Mei.And from the 1970s onward,other scholars began to question and deny Wang's authorship of Ming Feng Ji.Consequently,Wang's authorship of these two works,although once considered as his most significant achievements in popular literature,has become uncertain.This ambiguity was not only the result of traditional Chinese literati's views on the distinction between the elegant and the popular,but also affected by the nature of popular literature's writing and dissemination in the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty when the commerce and publishing industry flourished,which led to the loss or confusion of historical records.Within Sibu Gao,Xu Gao,Yanshan Tang Bie Ji,or other works verified to be Wang's,no direct evidence has been found to indicate his authorship of Jin Ping Mei or Ming Feng Ji.Even his commentary on these two works has hardly been seen.Nevertheless,other historical materials subtly suggest that Wang Shizhen had some connection to the creation and dissemination of these texts.These are why the authorship of Jin Ping Mei,Ming Feng Ji,and other works remains unresolved today.

关 键 词：王世贞 雅俗之辨 《列仙全传》 《艳异编》 《世说新语补》 《金瓶梅》 《鸣凤记》 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]