“非同一性”能否通向自由个性?——论阿多尔诺“否定辩证法”的哲学救赎  

Can“Non-identity”Liberate Free Individuality:On the Philosophical Salvation of Adorno s“Negative Dialectics”

作　　者：柯萌 KE Meng

机构地区：[1]同济大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期55-69,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新科技革命背景下劳动解放的现实挑战与实践路径研究”(23CKS056)。

摘　　要：阿多尔诺认为,同一性思维把现代社会塑造为充斥“肯定性”与“合理性”,压制“否定性”与自由个性的极权社会,从而提出了以“非同一性”为原则的“否定辩证法”。他深刻揭露了同一性思维借助大众文化对现代人进行的隐性统治,并对黑格尔唯心主义辩证法、“概念拜物教”和海德格尔本体论哲学进行了“非同一性”批判,表达了解放自由个性的诉求。但这种强调“绝对否定”的“非同一性”思维能否将自由个性从同一性专制中解放出来,是值得学界深入探究的问题。事实上,阿多尔诺的精英主义倾向使其忽视了对民众主观能动性的调动;“否定辩证法”的“主体-客体”批判框架和“否定主义”倾向使其演变为不平等、非辩证、脱离现实的封闭理论体系;对资本逻辑同一性统治的批判力度不足使该理论缺乏实践价值。因此,“否定辩证法”最终只能构建一个“否定的乌托邦”,难以达成解放自由个性的目标。The“Negative Dialectics”,based on the principle of“non-identity”,deeply criticized the totalitarian society that suppressed“negativity”and free individuality,and put forward Adorno s demand to liberate free individuality from the tyrannical rule of identity thinking.However,the“Negative Dialectics”,which emphasized continuous negation and subversion,was ultimately unable to counter the pervasive integration mechanism of capitalism and realize the redemption of free individuality.Therefore,in the context of advanced capitalism,to explore why“Negative Dialectics”cannot save free individuality and how to save the free individuality oppressed by identity thinking is important for objectively evaluating Adorno s negationist view of freedom,seeking a realistic path to break the domination of identity thinking,and based on this,to change the irrational social reality and promote the free and comprehensive development of individuals.This paper adopts the method of literature research and historical analysis,focuses on the core issue of whether“non-identity”can redeem free individuality,and provides an in-depth textual interpretation of the Dialectic of Enlightenment and Negative Dialectics.It analyzes the theory of freedom in the“Negative Dialectics”in the context of the conditions and theories in which it was produced,and combines it with the critical views of scholars such as Fiske and Habermas to make a dialectical evaluation of the progress and limitations of Adorno s thought.“Negative Dialectics”is a profound examination of identity thinking that affirms reality and suppresses individuality,and the emphasis on difference,diversity and contradiction builds a rather emotional philosophical methodology for the emancipation of free individuality.However,Adorno s elitist thinking led him to ignore the people s initiative;the“subject-object”critical framework and“negativist”thinking of the“Negative Dialectics”may lead it to evolve into a closed theoretical system that is unequal

关 键 词：否定辩证法 同一性思维 非同一性思维 自由个性 

分 类 号：B516.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]