空天飞行器仿生头锥多级形函数与变体性能及收益研究  

Morphing Performances Analysis of a Bionic Aerospace Vehicle Nose Cone Based on Multistage Wall Shape Function

作　　者：孟军辉 罗剑桥 马诺 MENG Junhui;LUO Jianqiao;MA Nuo(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《宇航学报》2025年第3期456-472,共17页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52372346);北京理工大学创新人才科技资助项目(2021CX01018)。

摘　　要：面向空天飞行器大空域、宽速域飞行的功能需求,探索了仿蜜蜂分级偏转变体头锥对于改善飞行性能的可行性。针对头锥分级偏转过程中复杂外形难以准确描述的问题,提出了一种基于中性轴映射的多级壁面形函数,进而结合动网格技术,数值研究了典型工况下头锥变体的定常和非定常气动特性,并在此基础上完成了头锥变体性能及收益的综合评估。结果表明,所提出的多级壁面形函数能够准确描述头锥变体过程中的形态变化。头锥变体可在高超声速大攻角工况下使升阻比提高8%,同时在亚/超声速中小攻角下使升阻特性保持优良,从而使空天飞行器在各个任务环节内均获得飞行收益。该工作可为未来空天变体飞行器设计提供参考。To meet the performance requirements for flying in a vast space with a wide range of velocities,a bionic multistage-deflecting morphing nose cone,which draws inspiration from the abdomen of bees,is applied to an aerospace vehicle.In order to evaluate the performance and flight benefits of the morphing nose cone,a multistage wall shape function based on neutral axis mapping is proposed to accurately describe the complex geometric shape of the nose cone’s multistage deflection.The steady and unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing nose cone are then numerically analyzed in typical flight conditions using dynamic mesh technology.On this basis,a comprehensive evaluation of morphing performance and flight benefits is completed.The results show that the changes in the shape of the morphing nose cone can be accurately described by the proposed multistage wall shape function.The lift-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle can be increased by 8%utilizing the morphing nose cone in hypersonic flight with a high angle of attack,while fine lift and drag characteristics can be maintained in subsonic and supersonic flight with a low angle of attack.The aerospace vehicle can obtain flight benefits through the bionic nose cone in various mission stages.The content of this paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of future morphing aerospace vehicles.

关 键 词：空天飞行器 仿生设计 变体头锥 形函数 气动特性 

分 类 号：V475.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]