花后喷施氨基酸螯合锌对小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质合成积累的影响  

Effect of Spraying Amino Acid Chelated Zinc after Anthesis onSynthesis and Accumulation of Starch and Protein in Wheat Grains

作　　者：张博文 靳海洋 许海霞[1] 郑飞[2] 何宁[2] 苏亚中 赵国建 程红建[2] 程西永[1] 李向东[2] ZHANG Bowen;JIN Haiyang;XU Haixia;ZHENG Fei;HE Ning;SU Yazhong;ZHAO Guojian;CHENG Hongjian;CHENG Xiyong;LI Xiangdong(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Engineering Research Center for Synergistic Improvement of Wheat Yield‑Quality,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/河南省小麦产量-品质协同提升工程研究中心,河南郑州450002 [3]开封市农林科学研究院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2025年第3期8-19,共12页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(231100110200);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20241471126);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G5);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目。

摘　　要：以清水为对照(CK),设置花后喷施0.2%、0.4%的硫酸锌、天冬氨酸锌和甘氨酸锌处理,研究花后喷施氨基酸螯合锌对不同时期小麦籽粒可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、淀粉合成相关酶活性、氨基酸含量、氮代谢相关酶活性和蛋白质含量的影响,以确定最优的锌肥,为小麦高产提质提供理论依据和技术参考。结果表明,与CK相比,喷施甘氨酸锌、天冬氨酸锌显著增加了龙亭和郸城两试验点喷施后10 d小麦籽粒可溶性淀粉合成酶活性,增幅分别为16.26%~27.45%和24.51%~39.13%;在郸城试验点,喷施硫酸锌、甘氨酸锌、天冬氨酸锌均显著增加喷施后10 d小麦籽粒结合态淀粉合成酶活性,增幅为9.93%~17.65%,而在龙亭试验点,仅喷施0.2%天冬氨酸锌使籽粒结合态淀粉合成酶活性显著提高12.15%;喷施甘氨酸锌、天冬氨酸锌显著增加龙亭和郸城两试验点喷施后10 d小麦籽粒淀粉含量,增幅分别为14.49%~20.82%和13.26%~20.68%,喷施硫酸锌处理与CK无显著差异,所有喷锌处理对喷施后20 d和成熟期籽粒淀粉含量均无显著影响。与CK相比,喷施甘氨酸锌显著增加两试验点喷施后10d小麦籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,增幅分别为16.67%和10.42%~14.58%,显著增加郸城试验点喷施后10、20d籽粒谷氨酸合成酶活性,增幅分别为12.18%~15.53%、11.84%~12.76%;喷施0.2%天冬氨酸锌显著增加龙亭试验点喷施后20 d籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,增幅分别为23.21%和10.83%;喷施0.2%天冬氨酸锌或0.2%甘氨酸锌处理均显著增加两试验点成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量,喷施0.4%甘氨酸锌处理仅显著增加郸城试验点成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量,两试验点均以0.2%天冬氨酸锌处理增幅最大,分别为7.90%和7.25%。综上,花后喷施0.2%天冬氨酸锌、甘氨酸锌可显著促进小麦籽粒蛋白质合成积累,提高成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量,其中以0.2%天冬氨酸锌效果最优。Zinc sulfate,zinc aspartate acid and zinc glycinate of 0.2%and 0.4%were sprayed on wheat after anthesis with water as the control(CK),and the effects of spraying amino acid chelated zinc on the contents of soluble sugar,starch,amino acid and protein,and the activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis,nitrogen metabolism in wheat grains were studied in different periods,so as to identify the most efficient zinc fertilizer,and provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the high-yield and quality enhancement of wheat production.The results showed that compared with CK,spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of soluble starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites,with increase rates of 16.26%—27.45%and 24.51%—39.13%,respectively;At Dancheng experimental site,spraying zinc sulfate,zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of bound starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying,with increase rates of 9.93%—17.65%,while at Longting experimental site,only spraying 0.2%zinc aspartate significantly increased the activity of bound starch synthase in grains by 12.15%;Spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the starch content in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites,with increase rates of 14.49%—20.82%and 13.26%—20.68%,respectively,there was no significant difference between zinc sulfate treatments and CK,and there was no significant difference in the starch content in grains at 20 days after spraying and mature stage between zinc treatments and CK.Compared with CK,spraying zinc glycinate significantly increased the activity of glutamine synthetase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites,with increase rates of 16.67%and 10.42%—14.58%,respectively;Significantly increased the activity of glutamate synthetase in grains at 10 and 20 days after spraying at Dancheng experi

关 键 词：小麦 氨基酸螯合锌 淀粉 蛋白质 合成 积累 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]