认罪认罚撤回权研究:概念重塑、价值厘清与实践展开  

Research on the Withdrawal Right by the Accused in Guilty Plea and Confession Cases:Conceptual Reinterpretation,Value Clarification,and Practical Implementation

作　　者：王小源 陈俊秀 Wang Xiaoyuan;Chen Junxiu(School of Law University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100102;School of Law Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京100102 [2]福州大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期52-66,共15页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“刑法的立体分析与关系刑法学研究”(19AFX007);福建省社科规划项目“网络犯罪扩张的类型化规制研究”(FJ2021BF015)。

摘　　要：对认罪认罚案件中被追诉人撤回或反悔问题的讨论,需以“撤回权”概念范畴的廓清乃至重塑作为基础。就权利主体与权利内容而言,认罪认罚撤回权指向的是被追诉人单方享有的、贯穿刑事追诉全过程的无因性诉讼权利,并包含对此前认可客观事实、行为性质、量刑建议与悔罪态度的撤回等若干层次。认罪认罚从宽制度中公正及人权价值优于效率价值的规范目的构造,奠定了撤回权的正当性基础,而从制度合宪性控制的角度出发,亦只有承认认罪认罚的“自愿性”是一种动态的范畴,并据此确立被追诉人撤回相应意思表示的权利,方能有效缓解认罪认罚制度与审判独立及无罪推定原则间的价值张力。基于对现行实定规范的教义学解读,撤回权的行使原则上导致认罪认罚的情节归于消灭,对被追诉人的处理标准应恢复到无功无过的基准状态,但在审查起诉与审判阶段,对认可量刑建议的撤回并不必然产生否定认罪认罚成立的法律效果。同时,一审判决作出后被告人仅以量刑过重为由提出上诉,仍应受到“上诉不加刑”原则的庇护,为此检察院的技术性抗诉行为需得到严格限制。The discussion on the withdrawal or repentance of the accused in guilty plea and confession cases requires a clear understanding and even a reshaping of the concept of“withdrawal right”.In terms of the rights holder and content of the right,the withdrawal right refers to the unilateral,unconditional procedural right held by the accused throughout the entire criminal prosecution process.The right includes the withdrawal of prior acknowledgement of objective facts,the nature of the offense,sentencing recommendations,and expressions of remorse.The normative purpose of the leniency system for guilty plea and confession prioritize justice and human rights values over efficiency,which lays a legitimate foundation for the withdrawal right.From the perspective of constitutionality control,only by recognizing that the“voluntariness”of a guilty plea and confession is a dynamic category and establishing the accused’s right to withdraw corresponding expression of intent can effectively mitigate the value tension between the guilty plea and confession system,the principle of judicial independence and the presumption of innocence.Based on the doctrinal interpretation of existing legal provisions,the exercise of withdrawal right generally results in the nullification of the circumstances of the guilty plea and confession,and the standard for handling the accused should return to a neutral baseline of neither merit nor fault.However,during the stages of prosecutorial review and trial,withdrawing consent to sentencing recommendations does not necessarily negate the legal effect of the guilty plea and confession.At the same time,after firstinstance judgment,if the accused appeals only on the grounds that penalty is too heavy,he should still be protected by the principle of“no harsher penalty upon appeal”,and therefore,technical appeals by the procuratorate need to be strictly restricted.

关 键 词：撤回权 认罪认罚 量刑建议 上诉不加刑 规范目的 审判独立 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]