天麻中镉残留量分析及膳食风险评估  

Analysis of Cadmium Residues in Gastrodia elata and Dietary Risk Assessment

作　　者：林昕[1] 丁燕[1] 刘宏程[1] 刘振环[1] 邵金良[1] 刘祥义[2] 冯光恒[1] 兰珊珊[1] LIN Xin;DING Yan;LIU Hongcheng;LIU Zhenhuan;SHAO Jinliang;LIU Xiangyi;FENG Guangheng;LAN Shanshan(Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute,YAAS,Kunming 650205,China;Research Institute of Gastrodiae Elata,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]西南林业大学天麻研究院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《现代食品》2025年第5期195-199,共5页Modern Food

基　　金：云南省农业科学院科研预研项目(2023KYZX-18);2024、2025高原特色现代农业质量安全科技支撑专项;建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项(202403AP140028)。

摘　　要：对天麻中重金属镉的残留量进行测定并进行膳食摄入风险评估。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测129批次天麻中镉的残留量,检测结果采用食品安全指数法(Index of Food Safety,IFS)和靶危害系数法(Target Hazard Quotient,THQ)进行膳食风险评估。结果表明,天麻中镉残留量在0.002933~0.137280 mg·kg^(-1),均值为0.054403 mg·kg^(-1)。依据《中华人民共和国药典》(2020年版)规定的镉残留限量值0.3 mg·kg^(-1)判定,合格率为100%;依据《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2022)中镉的限量标准0.1 mg·kg^(-1)判定,有3个样品超标,超标率为2.32%;对其进行膳食摄入风险评估分析,IFS和THQ值均远小于1,致癌风险值(Carcinogenic Risk,CR)远小于1×10^(-6),说明天麻作为药食同源的中药材和保健食材,其重金属镉残留的膳食风险完全在可接受范围内,无致癌风险,具有安全性。The study aimed to determine the residual levels of the heavy metal cadmium in Gastrodia elata and assess the dietary intake risk.Cadmium concentration of 129 samples were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.The detection results were evaluated for dietary risk using the index of food safety(IFS)and the target hazard quotient(THQ)methods.The results showed that the cadmium residue in Gastrodia elata ranged from 0.002933 mg·kg^(-1)to 0.137280 mg·kg^(-1),with an average of 0.054403 mg·kg^(-1).Based on the cadmium residue limit value of 0.3 mg·kg^(-1)specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020 edition),the pass rate was 100%.According to the cadmium limit standard of 0.1 mg·kg^(-1)specified in GB 2762—2022,three samples exceeded this limit value,resulting in an exceeding standard rate of 2.32%.Dietary intake risk assessment analysis revealed that both the IFS and THQ values were significantly less than 1,and the carcinogenic risk(CR)value was far below 1×10^(-6).This indicated that Gastrodia elata as a medicinal and edible herb and health food,the dietary risk of cadmium residues in it was entirely within an acceptable range,with no carcinogenic risk,confirming its safety.

关 键 词：天麻 镉 石墨炉原子吸收法 膳食风险评估 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]