北方某市不同水源及工艺给水系统微生物处理效果比较  

Comparison of Microbes Removal Efficacy of Different Water Treatment Process Systems and Different Water Sources in a Northern City

作　　者：许皓 赵蓓 汪洋 李相宜 蔡佳男 杨杨 李玉仙 XU Hao;ZHAO Bei;WANG Yang;LI Xiangyi;CAI Jianan;YANG Yang;LI Yuxian(Beijing Waterworks Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100031,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市自来水集团有限责任公司,北京100031

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期71-80,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室开放基金课题(21K01KLDWST)。

摘　　要：【目的】随着我国饮用水水质标准不断完善,给水微生物安全性和风险管控要求日益提高,当前对净水工艺各单元微生物去除效果的研究报道较少,比较各单元对微生物的去除效果可使水厂根据实际情况有针对性地调节各工艺单元。【方法】文章选取北方某市1个以地下水为水源的水厂和2个采用不同处理工艺的以地表水为水源的水厂,采集全年4个季节全工艺单元出水和这3个水厂供水范围内不同输送距离的供水管网水样,检测了菌落总数、总大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌、肠球菌和嗜肺军团菌5项指标,结合浑浊度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)等水质指标,研究水厂常规处理工艺和深度处理工艺在保障微生物安全性方面的作用,比较各工艺单元对特定微生物的去除效果。【结果】研究发现,远距离外调水源总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的检出率高于另2个水厂,经各处理单元,到主加氯工艺均可实现100%去除。预氧化工艺的接触时间对微生物的去除效果有直接影响。煤滤池反洗水检出肠球菌,建议将肠球菌作为增强检测指标。超滤工艺能在原水和前置工艺出水水质波动时,保障菌落总数稳定的去除率。【结论】水厂处理各工艺对水源中微生物均有较好的处理效果,建议加强管网末端游离氯监测,并在高温季节调节出厂主加氯量等工艺参数,保障从源头到龙头的微生物安全。[Objective]With the continuous improvement of China′s drinking water quality standards,the requirements for microbial safety and risk control in water supply have become increasingly stringent.However,there are limited studies on the microbial removal efficiency of individual units in water treatment processes.Comparing the microbial removal effects of different units can help water plants optimize their process parameters based on actual conditions.[Methods]This study selected one water treatment plants(WTPs)that used groundwater as its source of water and two WTPs with different treatment processes that used surface water as its source of water in a northern City.Water samples were collected from all process units across four seasons,as well as from distribution networks at varying distances from these plants.Five indices were detected,including heterotrophic plate count,total coliform,Escherichia coli(E.coli),Enterococcus and Legionella pneumophila,alongside turbidity and dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The study evaluated the roles of conventional and advanced treatment processes in ensuring microbial safety and compared the removal efficiencies of specific microorganisms across process units.[Results]The study found that externally transferred water sources showed higher detection rates of total coliforms and E.coli than that in the other two WTPs,and 100%removal could be achieved by the main ohlorination process through each treatment unit.Contact time in pre-oxidation processes directly affected microbial removal efficiency.Enterococcus was detected in sand filter backwash water,suggesting it should be included as an enhanced monitoring indicator.Ultrafiltration ensured stable removal of total bacterial count despite fluctuations in raw water quality.[Conclusion]All treatment units effectively reduced microbial risks.It is recommended to strengthen free chlorine monitoring at pipe network endpoints and adjust primary chlorination dosages during high-temperature seasons.

关 键 词：微生物安全性 净水工艺 供水管网(DWDS) 氯消毒 超滤 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]