民事诉讼费用偿还请求权:属性阐析、规则检视与立法完善  

The Recourse of Civil Litigation Costs:Analysis of Attributes,Review of Rules and Improvement of Legislation

作　　者：占善刚[1] 张文浩 ZHAN Shangang;ZHANG Wenhao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第2期76-88,共13页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“新时代生态文明建设司法保障与服务的完善研究”(项目批准号:22JJD820014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民事诉讼费用偿还请求权由民事诉讼法中的民事实体规范所规定,作为一项私法请求权,其以程序性法律关系的建立为前提,是诉讼费用法定债权的主要权能。在完整的诉讼程序中,民事诉讼费用偿还请求权呈现出附停止条件的请求权、附解除条件的请求权与无限制条件的请求权前后相继的三种权利形态。根据我国现行相关规则,当事人行使诉讼费用偿还请求权的法定范围限于反映公共司法成本的裁判费用,诉讼费用裁判程序亦表现为强职权性的单阶构造。鉴于此,立法层面应考虑优化私人诉讼成本的补偿机制,将裁判外费用纳入诉讼费用的法定范围;同时增设诉讼费用额确定程序,为当事人行使诉讼费用偿还请求权、参与诉讼费用裁判的形成过程提供适当的程序载体。The recourse of civil litigation costs,as a private law claim,is regulated by the civil substantive norms of the civil procedure law.It presupposes the establishment of a procedural legal relationship,and is the main capacity of the legal credits for litigation costs.In the complete litigation procedure,the recourse of civil litigation costs presents three forms of claim in sequence:the claim with suspensive condition,the claim with subsequent condition and the claim without any condition.In view of the relevant rules in China,the statutory scope of the parties'recourse of civil litigation costs is limited to the court and tribunal fees,which reflect the public cost of justice.And the litigation costs refereeing procedures also manifest a strongly authoritative single-stage structure.In view of the above,the legislature should consider optimizing the compensation mechanism of private litigation costs,and incorporate the extra-adjudication costs into the statutory scope of litigation costs.The procedure of taxation of litigation costs should also be established to provide a proper procedure carrier for the litigants to exercise the recourse of civil litigation costs and participate in the formation process of litigation costs adjudication.

关 键 词：诉讼费用偿还请求权 诉讼费用负担裁判 裁判外费用 诉讼费用额确定程序 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]