证明责任制度的现代化与中国化  

Modernization and Sinicization of the Burden of Proof System

作　　者：胡学军 HU Xuejun

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第2期121-134,共14页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“比较法视野下民事证据制度本土化研究”(项目批准号20BFX094)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,我国理论上对证明责任制度重要性的质疑与怀疑论开始出现,而我国司法实践中也流行着万能证明评价法、具体举证责任论、案件事实认定二分法及真伪不明时不适用法律说等诸多“前现代”的裁判方法,这些针对事实疑难案件的裁判方法均非现代证明责任方法。这也表明我们此前的理论继受可能存在囫囵吞枣并导致消化不良。从学说发展史来看,证明责任现代化在于证明责任作为法律适用问题的解释方法迭代发展并最终取得了独立于一般法律方法论的地位。在当今,证明责任方法与证明责任规范仍具有不可替代的独特性。现代证明责任制度已成为司法现代化系统机制的重要组成部分,并已潜移默化贯彻在现代司法思维与审判方法中。中国民事司法现代化之路不可回避要继续建构与完善证明责任制度。In recent years,there have been doubts and skepticism regarding the importance of the theory of burden of proof in China’s theory.In judicial practice,there are also many “pre-modern” methods of judgment,such as the universal proof evaluation method,the specific burden of proof theory,the binary method of determining case facts,and the theory of not applying the law when the truth or falsehood is unclear.These judgment methods for difficult factual cases are not modern methods of burden of proof.This also indicates that our previous theory may have suffered from indigestion resulting from a superficial understanding or hasty acceptance.From the perspective of the development history of doctrines,the modernization of burden of proof lies in the iterative development of the interpretation method of burden of proof as a legal application issue,and ultimately achieved an independent position from general legal methodology.In today’s world,the methods and norms of burden of proof still have irreplaceable uniqueness.The modern burden of proof system has become an important component of the modern judicial system mechanism and has been subtly implemented in modern judicial thinking and trial methods.The road to modernization of China’s civil justice cannot be avoided,and it is necessary to continue to construct and improve the system of burden of proof.

关 键 词：证明责任 现代化 证明责任方法 证明责任规范 司法现代化 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]