张仲景蜀椒应用特点探析  

Exploration on the characteristics of using Shujiao by ZHANG Zhongjing

作　　者：刘莹 李长香 邵奇 任梓林 贺艳荟 师玉玉 程发峰 王雪茜 LIU Ying;LI Changxiang;SHAO Qi;REN Zilin;HE Yanhui;SHI Yuyu;CHENG Fafeng;WANG Xueqian(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2025年第3期1467-1469,共3页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.U21A20400),国家中医药管理局中医学术流派传承工作室(No.1190062620029)。

摘　　要：蜀椒为药食同源类中药,有小毒,现代使用廖寒可数,但用之得当又能取得奇效。观张仲景用蜀椒者,有升麻鳖甲汤方、白术散方、王不留行散方、乌头赤石脂丸方、大建中汤方、乌梅丸方6方。文章结合各家方论,分析以上经方,总结张仲景应用蜀椒特点有三:一是蜀椒组方配伍特点,以其伍雄黄速散结毒、伍白术健脾温中、伍干姜逐寒振阳为主;二是蜀椒味辛大热,张仲景主要用其温阳散寒、辛散邪逆之效,然其有小毒,使用剂量宜小,不可过用;三是椒目味苦性寒,效在导利水气,现可用于治疗各种水饮积聚而致的疾病。Shujiao is a traditional Chinese medicine of the same origin as medicine and food.It is slightly poisonous.It is rarely used in modern times,but it can achieve miraculous effects when used properly.There are 6 prescriptions for Shujiao used by ZHANG Zhongjing,including Shengma Biejia Decoction,Baizhu Powder,Wangbuliuxing Powder,Wutou Chishizhi Pills,Dajianzhong Decoction and Wumei Pills.This paper analyzes the above prescriptions and summarizes the characteristics of ZHANG Zhongjing's use of Shujiao:Firstly,the combination of Shujiao with realgar to disperse its poison,the compatibility of Shujiao with baizhu to strengthen the spleen and warm the middle,the matching of Shujiao with dried ginger to remove cold and arouse yang.Secondly,Shujiao is pungent and hot,ZHANG Zhongjing mainly uses it to warm yang,disperse cold,dispel evil and detoxify,but it has a small poison,so the dose should be small and should not overuse.Thirdly,Jiaomu tastes bitter cold,its effect is mainly to guide and clear water,now it can be used to treat a variety of diseases caused by water accumulation.

关 键 词：蜀椒 椒目 配伍 张仲景 《金匮要略》 特点 水饮 

分 类 号：R222.2[医药卫生—中医基础理论]