考虑中心距偏差的直齿轮啮合刚度及振动分析  

Meshing Stiffness and Vibration Analysis of Spur Gear Considering Center Distance Deviation

作　　者：黄一伦 陈旭 胡玉梅[2] 何造 HUANG Yilun;CHEN Xu;HU Yumei;HE Zao(School of Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2025年第4期561-572,共12页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(J2019-IV-0001-0068)。

摘　　要：考虑中心距偏差的影响,将单个轮齿的啮合过程离散成20个啮合点,并建立不同啮合点处的直齿轮副静态啮合有限元模型,研究了齿轮啮合刚度以及传递误差随中心距偏差变化的规律。随后建立了直齿轮副动态啮合有限元模型,通过瞬态动力学仿真分析了中心距偏差、转速以及负载扭矩等参数对齿轮副系统振动响应的影响。研究结果表明:随着中心距偏差增大,直齿轮啮合刚度降低,静态传递误差增大,啮合振动变大,但是对于振动的影响存在一个临界值,当偏差达到临界值之后,随着中心距偏差的增大,齿轮副的啮合振动将维持在一个相对恒定的状态;齿轮副系统的振动随着转速的升高而增大,当处于共振转速时,齿轮发生严重脱啮,齿轮系统中的主要激振频率不再与啮合频率成整数倍关系,此时齿轮的振动呈现随机性,啮合冲击成倍增加,啮合稳定性下降;齿轮副的啮合振动随着扭矩的增大而呈现非线性递增,当扭矩过大时会引发节线冲击以及轮辐的异常振动,导致齿轮啮合性能变差。Considering the influence of center distance deviation,the meshing process of a single gear tooth was discretized into 20 meshing points,and the static meshing finite element model of spur gear pair at different meshing points was established to study the variation of gear meshing stiffness and transmission error with center distance deviation.Subsequently,a dynamic meshing finite element model of the spur gear pair was established,and the effects of parameters such as center distance deviation,rotational speed,and load torque on the vibration response of the gear pair system were analyzed by transient dynamics simulation.The research results show that as the center distance deviation increases,the spur gear mesh stiffness decreases,the static transmission error increases,and the mesh vibration becomes larger.However,there is a critical value for the effect of vibration.After the deviation reaches the critical value,the meshing vibration of the gear pair will be maintained at a relatively constant state with the increase of the center distance deviation.The vibration of the gear subsystem increases with the increase of speed.When it is at resonance speed,the gears are seriously disengaged,the main excitation frequency in the gear system is no longer related to the meshing frequency in integer multiples,the vibration of the gears shows randomness,the meshing shock increases exponentially,and the meshing stability decreases.The meshing vibration of the gear pair increases nonlinearly with the increase of torque,when the torque is too high,it will cause the joint line shock and abnormal vibration of the spokes,resulting in the deterioration of the gear meshing performance.

关 键 词：中心距偏差 啮合刚度 传递误差 振动特性 

分 类 号：TH132.4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]