某电缆制造企业工人职业紧张与职业伤害的关系探讨——基于决策树模型  

Relationship between occupational stress and occupational injury of workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise by decision tree model

作　　者：徐婷 钱娟[3] 谷一硕 丁道正[3] 乔健健 钱勇 朱晓俊 樊晶光 XU Ting;QIAN Juan;GU Yishuo;DING Daozheng;QIAO Jianjian;QIAN Yong;ZHU Xiaojun;FAN Jingguang(National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 102308,China;School of Public Health,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510240,China;Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yixing,Jiangsu 214206,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心,国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京102308 [2]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510240 [3]宜兴市疾病预防控制中心,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2025年第2期145-150,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[背景]工人的社会心理因素是职业伤害干预研究的新热点,职业紧张作为社会心理因素的重要内容,对职业伤害的影响引起了广泛关注。[目的]分析电缆制造业工人职业紧张的影响因素,探讨职业紧张对职业伤害的影响,为减轻职业紧张,减少职业伤害提供科学依据。[方法]采用基本情况问卷、职业伤害问卷和职业紧张问卷(《付出-回报失衡问卷》),对某电缆制造企业的1343名工人进行调查,采用卡方检验分析不同特征工人的职业紧张分布状况,采用logistic回归分析职业紧张的影响因素,采用决策树模型探究职业紧张对职业伤害的影响。[结果]共收回有效问卷1225份,问卷回收有效率91.2%。该电缆制造企业工人职业紧张的阳性率为28.7%,过去1年的职业伤害发生率为8.6%。单因素分析显示,发生过职业伤害的调查对象职业紧张阳性率高于未发生职业伤害者(P<0.05),不同性别、加班情况、轮班情况、每天工作时长、疲劳程度、睡眠时长、家人关系、同事关系调查对象的职业紧张分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归结果显示,轮班、同事关系一般/较差/非常差、经常加班者职业紧张发生风险高(P<0.05)。决策树结果显示,职业紧张是职业伤害的危险因素;此外,体育锻炼、同事关系、是否参加岗前培训、性别也是职业伤害的影响因素;在每周体育锻炼频率2次以下的工人中,有职业紧张工人发生职业伤害的风险(23.6%)高于无职业紧张的工人(10.9%)。[结论]电缆制造业工人轮班、同事关系、加班与职业紧张具有相关性,应安排合理工作制度,创建良好工作氛围;职业紧张会增加电缆制造业工人职业伤害发生的风险,今后可从减轻职业紧张的角度降低职业伤害发生。[Background]Social psychological factors have emerged as a key area of research in occupational injury prevention.Occupational stress,a significant component of social psychology,has garnered widespread attention due to its potential impact on occupational injury.[Objective]To analyze the factors influencing occupational stress among cable manufacturing workers and explore the relationship between occupational stress and occupational injury,and to provide scientific evidence for reducing occupational stress and injury.[Methods]A questionnaire on basic demographics,occupational injury,and occupational stress(Effort-Reward Imbalance,ERI)was used to investigate 1343 workers in a cable enterprise.Chi-square test was employed to analyze the distribution of occupational stress across different worker characteristics.Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing occupational stress,and a decision tree model was applied to assess the impact of occupational stress on injury risk.[Results]A total of 1225 valid questionnaires were collected,yielding a response rate of 91.2%.The positive rate of occupational stress was 28.7%,while the incidence of occupational injury in the past year was 8.6%.The results of univariate analysis revealed that workers who had experienced occupational injuries had a higher positive rate of occupational stress compared to those without injuries(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the distribution of occupational stress by genders,overtime work,shift work,daily working hours,fatigue levels,sleep duration,family relationships,and colleague relationships(P<0.05).The logistic regression results showed that individuals who worked shifts,had fair/poor/very colleague relationships,and frequently worked overtime had a higher risk of occupational stress(P<0.05).The final decision tree model confirmed that occupational stress was a risk factor for occupational injury.Additional factors influencing occupational injury included physical exercise,colleague relationships,pre-job tr

关 键 词：职业紧张 职业伤害 流行特征 决策树 电缆工人 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]