基于单粒子的半量子相互身份认证协议  

Semi-quantum mutual identity authentication using single particles

作　　者：韩子龙 李玉凌 张波 杨怀仁 邢丁 杜响剑 窦钊 HAN ZiLong;LI YuLing;ZHANG Bo;YANG HuaiRen;XING Ding;DU XiangJian;DOU Zhao(Digital Grid Technology Center,State Grid Shanghai Energy Interconnection Research Institute,Shanghai 200000,China;State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Jinhua Power Supply Company,Jinhua 321000,China;Information Security Center,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]国网上海能源互联网研究院数字电网技术中心,上海200000 [2]国网浙江省电力有限公司金华供电公司,金华321000 [3]北京邮电大学网络与交换技术全国重点实验室信息安全中心,北京100876

出　　处：《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》2025年第4期73-79,共7页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(编号:B311JH23000C)资助。

摘　　要：身份认证在保护通信安全方面起着非常重要的作用.本文提出了一种以单粒子为资源的半量子相互身份认证协议.它只需执行单量子比特测量和重新排序操作而不需其他复杂的操作就能使量子参与者和经典参与者在没有第三方的情况下相互进行身份认证,并且无需公开任何身份认证密钥信息.安全性分析表明,所提协议能够防御冒充攻击、拦截-测量-重放攻击、纠缠-测量攻击和特洛伊木马攻击.与其他现有协议的比较表明,我们的协议在实用性方面具有优势.Identity authentication plays a critical role in safeguarding communication information.In this study,we propose a semiquantum mutual identity authentication protocol that leverages single particles as resources,significantly reducing quantum resource usage as well as system complexity and operational difficulty.The protocol operates without thirdparty involvement,simplifying the structure and enabling mutual authentication between quantum and classical participants through straightforward single-qubit measurement and reordering operations.Additionally,if the authentication process fails,the protocol can immediately identify which participant’s identity is unauthorized,thereby enhancing security.Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol can defend against impersonation attacks,intercept-measure-resend attacks,entangle-measure attacks,and Trojan horse attacks.Compared to existing protocols,our protocol offers advantages in practicality.

关 键 词：半量子身份认证 相互认证 单粒子 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]