刑事证明标准之动态形塑——从“原子分析”到“整体认知”的证明进路  

The Dynamic Shaping of Criminal Proof Standards——The Proof Approach from“Atomic Analysis”to“Holistic Cognition”

作　　者：谢澍[1,2] 周梓睿 Xie Shu;Zhou Zirui(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室,北京100088 [3]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2025年第4期55-69,158,共16页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“刑事法一体化基础理论研究”(24DTR046)。

摘　　要：“证据确实、充分”是我国刑事诉讼的法定证明标准,但当前司法实践中出现的“排除合理怀疑”“两个基本”与“综合认定”部分替代“证据确实、充分”的样态,表面上呈现出证明标准“实践叛离”之趋势,实际上却是基于办案需求自发抵制证明标准“印证化”的实践回应。在区分“广义印证”与“狭义印证”的基础上,可以进一步厘清“证据确实、充分”与“印证证明”的关系。“印证证明”无法给予“证据确实、充分”充足的理论和实践指引,因而需要按照从“原子分析”到“整体认知”的证明进路,回应“推动构建以证据为中心的刑事指控体系”现实需求,从而迈向实质意义上的“证据确实、充分”,借助直面证据矛盾的“原子分析”形成融贯的“整体认知”。“Unquestionable and Sufficient Evidence”is China’s statutory criminal proof standard.In current judicial practice,“Beyond Reasonable Doubt,”“Two Basics,”and“Comprehensive Identification”have partially replaced it.This appears to indicate a“practical deviation.”However,it is actually a spontaneous response based on case-handling needs that resists the“Yinzheng-oriented”proof standard.Distinguishing“Broad Yinzheng”from“Narrow Yinzheng”helps clarify the relationship between“Unquestionable and Sufficient Evidence”and“Yinzheng Proof.”“Yinzheng Proof”lacks sufficient theoretical and practical guidance to support“Unquestionable and Sufficient Evidence.”Therefore,we need to follow a proof path ranging from“atomic analysis”to“holistic cognition,”meeting the demand for“promoting the construction of a criminal accusation system centered on evidence.”This approach aims to realize the substantive“Unquestionable and Sufficient Evidence”and form a coherent“holistic cognition”through“atomic analysis”that directly faces evidence contradictions.

关 键 词：证明标准 证据确实充分 印证证明 排除合理怀疑 刑事诉讼法修改 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]