住院脑卒中患者口腔衰弱的流行病学特征及影响因素分析:一项观察性研究  

Epidemiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Oral Frailty in Hospitalized Stroke Patients:an Observational Study

作　　者：王婷[1] 李大进 李春标 彭思敬 陈曼曼 童勤思 汪璨 尤敏[1] 程姐 WANG Ting;LI Dajin;LI Chunbiao;PENG Sijing;CHEN Manman;TONG Qinsi;WANG Can;YOU Min;CHENG Jie(Department of Nursing,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230061,China;School of Nursing,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学第二附属医院护理部,安徽省合肥市230061 [2]安徽中医药大学护理学院,安徽省合肥市230012

出　　处：《实用心脑肺血管病杂志》2025年第6期58-64,共7页Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease

基　　金：安徽省高校科研项目(2023AH050784,2023AH050857)。

摘　　要：目的基于一项观察性研究探讨住院脑卒中患者口腔衰弱(OF)的流行病学特征及影响因素。方法本研究采用便利抽样法选取2024年3—10月安徽中医药大学第二附属医院脑病科、康复科、老年病科收治的60例住院脑卒中患者作为预调查对象,其OF患病率为77%(P=0.77)。另选取本院同期收治的住院脑卒中患者327例作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、汉化版口腔健康评估工具(OHAT)、微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)、汉化版衰弱量表(FRAIL)、汉化版进食评估问卷-10(EAT-10)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对患者进行调查,根据OF发生情况将患者分为OF组与无OF组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨住院脑卒中患者发生OF的影响因素。结果本研究共调查327例患者,最终回收有效问卷316份,有效回收率为96.6%。316例患者中,发生OF 214例,OF发生率为67.7%。两组年龄、BMI、职业、有吸烟史者占比、有饮酒史者占比、脑卒中类型、合并慢性病种数、牙齿缺失数目、有义齿者占比、置入鼻饲管者占比及汉化版OHAT、MNA-SF、汉化版FRAIL、汉化版EAT-10评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、义齿、置入鼻饲管、汉化版OHAT评分、MNA-SF评分、汉化版FRAIL评分、汉化版EAT-10评分是住院脑卒中患者发生OF的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。模型似然比检验结果显示,该模型与只包含截距项的模型相比较,有显著统计学意义(χ^(2)=250.799,P<0.001)。Deviance拟合优度检验结果显示,该模型的拟合程度较好(χ^(2)=135.296,P=0.894)。结论住院脑卒中患者OF发生率为67.7%,且OF多见于老年及脑梗死、口腔健康状况不佳、身体衰弱、吞咽障碍、社会支持水平中等患者。年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、义齿、置入鼻饲管、口腔健康状况、营养状况、身体衰弱、吞咽功能是住院脑卒中患者发生OF的独立影响Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of oral frailty(OF)in hospitalized stroke patients based on an observational study.Methods This study employed a convenience sampling method to select 60 hospitalized stroke patients admitted to the Department of Encephalopathy,Department of Rehabilitation,and Department of Geriatrics in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from March to October 2024 as the pre-investigation objects,the prevalence rate of OF of them was 77%(P=0.77).An additional 327 hospitalized stroke patients admitted the hospital during the same period were enrolled as the respondents.The General Data Questionnaire,Chinese version of Oral Health Assessment Tool(OHAT),Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form(MNA-SF),Chinese version of Fatigue,Resistance,Ambulation,Illness and Loss of weight(FRAIL),Chinese version of Eating Assessment Tool-10(EAT-10)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to conduct a survey on patients,and the patients were divided into OF group and non-OF group based on the occurrence of OF.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of OF in hospitalized stroke patients.Results A total of 327 patients were investigated in this study.Eventually,316 valid questionnaires were retrieved,with an effective recovery rate of 96.6%.Among the 316 patients,214 had OF,and the incidence of OF was 67.7%.There were statistically significant differences of age,BMI,occupation,proportion of patients with smoking history,proportion of patients with drinking history,type of stroke,number of chronic diseases,number of missing teeth,proportion of patients with dentures,proportion of patients with nasogastric tube insertion,and scores of Chinese version of OHAT,MNA-SF,Chinese version of FRAIL,and Chinese version of EAT-10(P<0.05).The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,smoking history,drinking history,dentures,nasogastric tube insertion,and

关 键 词：卒中 口腔衰弱 流行病学 影响因素分析 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]