驾驶人认知控制能力对交通风险事件响应的影响特性  

Influential Characteristics of Drivers'Cognitive Control Abilities on Traffic Risk Event Responses

作　　者：张会明 袁伟[1,2] 郭应时 付锐[1,2] 王畅 ZHANG Hui-ming;YUAN Wei;GUO Ying-shi;FU Rui;WANG Chang(School of Automobile,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710018,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Automobile Transportation Safety Technology,Ministry of Transport,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710018 [2]长安大学汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第3期82-96,共15页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52272412);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102224501,300102224302)。

摘　　要：为深入分析驾驶人认知控制与驾驶之间的关系,明晰不同认知控制组别驾驶人的驾驶绩效差异,探索“认知控制-车辆控制能力-驾驶绩效”的影响关系机理,招募49名年轻被试,开展考虑抑制控制与工作记忆2种典型认知控制能力的心理学试验,根据抑制控制与工作记忆测试结果将驾驶人分为高抑制控制高工作记忆(A组)、高抑制控制低工作记忆(B组)、低抑制控制高工作记忆(C组)与低抑制控制低工作记忆(D组)4组。基于驾驶模拟器设置包括预期、突发等事件类型的道路风险场景开展模拟驾驶试验,以整体道路的风险事件响应评估代表整体驾驶绩效,以无风险事件时正常路段的平均速度代表车辆纵向控制能力,车道横向位置标准差代表车辆横向控制能力。研究结果表明:突发事件的风险驾驶倾向比预期事件高15.1%;在风险响应评估方面,A组比D组显著降低16.8%的风险驾驶倾向;事件类型与认知控制对风险响应没有显著的交互作用;在车辆控制能力方面,D组比A组的平均速度显著高出16.2%,但横向位置标准差在各组别之间没有显著差异;车辆纵向控制能力在认知控制和风险响应之间起到中介作用,形成“认知控制-速度控制-风险响应”的简易关系框架。因此,可以得出风险响应和平均速度的显著差异皆是由2种认知控制能力同时变化所致,不同认知控制组别的驾驶人主要通过纵向控制引起风险响应差异。研究发现可为驾驶安全的提前干预与认知培训以及车载安全系统的设计提供借鉴和参考。To analyze the relationship between drivers'cognitive control and driving,clarify the differences in driving performance among drivers in different cognitive control groups,and explore the mechanism of the influential relationship of“cognitive control-vehicle control ability-driving performance,”this study recruited 49 young subjects and carried out a psychological experiment that simultaneously considered two typical cognitive control abilities:inhibitory control and working memory.Based on the test results for inhibitory control and working memory,drivers were divided into four groups:high inhibitory control and high working memory(Group A),high inhibitory control and low working memory(Group B),low inhibitory control and high working memory(Group C),and low inhibitory control and low working memory(Group D).Based on the driving simulator,a driving experiment was conducted by setting up road risk scenarios,including expected and unexpected event types.The risk event response assessment of the entire road was used to represent the overall driving performance.The average speed on a normal road section without risk events was used to represent the longitudinal control ability of the vehicle,and the standard deviation of the lateral lane position was used to represent the lateral control ability of the vehicle.The results show that the risk driving tendency of unexpected events is 15.1%higher than that of expected events.In terms of risk response assessment,Group A significantly reduces the risk driving tendency by 16.8%compared with Group D.Moreover there is no significant interaction between event type and cognitive control on the risk response.In terms of vehicle control ability,the average speed of Group D is a significant 16.2%higher than that of Group A,whereas there is no significant difference in the standard deviation of the lateral lane position among each group.The vehicle longitudinal control ability plays an intermediary role between cognitive control and the risk response,thus forming a simple rel

关 键 词：交通工程 “认知控制-速度控制-风险响应”关系框架 心理学试验 模拟驾驶 年轻驾驶人 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]