柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度:理论、方法、应用与展望  

Kolmogorov Complexity:Theories,Methods,Applications and Trends

作　　者：肖巍[1,2] 刘洵 XIAO Wei;LIU Xun

机构地区：[1]重庆大学外国语学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆大学语言认知及语言应用研究基地,重庆401331

出　　处：《外国语文》2025年第2期18-30,共13页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划培育项目“复杂动态系统视域下来华留学生汉语写作复杂度发展模式研究”(2024PY17);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“基于文本挖掘的中美哲学社会科学学术话语对比研究”(23XJC740006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度是一种基于信息论的语言复杂度测量体系,可测量形态、句法和整体层面的复杂度,具有客观性、经济性、真实性和全面性的特点。然而,国内语言学界对其引介尚不充分。本文首先介绍了柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度的理论基础,以及形态复杂度、句法复杂度和整体复杂度的计算方法;随后,回顾了柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度在语言研究当中的实证应用,发现早期研究主要涉及语言类型学,近期也开始关注语域变体,并从本体拓展到二语;最后,展望了柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度在丰富语义语用测量指标、拓展更多应用领域、深化汉语本土研究等方面的未来发展。本文希冀加深国内学者对柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂度的认识,丰富国内学者探究语言复杂度的测量手段,推动汉语语言学、汉外语言对比、国际中文教育等研究领域的发展。Kolmogorov complexity is an information theory-based language complexity measurement system that is able to measure the complexity at the morphological,syntactic and overall levels.It is characterized by its objectivity,economy,authenticity and comprehensiveness.Despite its potential,it remains largely unfamiliar to the domestic linguistic community.We begin by elucidating the theoretical underpinnings of Kolmogorov complexity and detailing the computational approaches to morphological,syntactical and overall complexity.Subsequently,we review the empirical applications of Kolmogorov complexity in linguistic research,noting an initial focus on language typology and a recent shift towards register variations,as well as a transition from ontology to second language studies.Ultimately,we anticipate future advancements in Kolmogorov complexity,particularly in enhancing semantic and pragmatic measurements,broadening its application scope,and intensifying the study of Chinese linguistics.Via this review we hope to deepen the understanding of Kolmogorov complexity among domestic scholars,enrich their measurement methods of language complexity,and promote the development of Chinese linguistics,Chinese-foreign language comparison and international Chinese language education research.

关 键 词：Kolmogorov复杂度 语言复杂度 测量 信息论 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]