认知视域下蒙古语颜色词“黑”  

Analysis of the Color Terms Black of Mongolian Language in Cognitive Perspective

作　　者：舒叶 Shu Ye(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学(蒙文版)》2025年第1期115-119,167,共6页Social Sciences of Inner Mongolia:Mongolian Edition

摘　　要：一词多义现象的形成和发展与认知隐喻密不可分。认知隐与语言紧密相连,分为结构隐喻、空间隐喻、本体隐喻。结构隐喻是基于两种概念的相似性,用一个相对具体的概念映射出相对抽象的概念,即用始源域概念映射出目标域概念。方位隐喻是以方位概念为参照点的隐喻。本体隐喻是把抽象的、没有具体形状的情感、动作、事件、状态等概念隐喻为具体的、有形的实体和物体。这三种类型的隐喻通常相互交织。蒙古语颜色词“黑”的词义延伸体现了这三种隐喻类型。借助认知隐喻的相关理论,剖析蒙古语“黑”的词义及词义延伸特点,发现其词义是围绕原型意义向外扩展,形成一词多义现象。“黑”主要通过辐射型和连锁型发展模式派生新的词义,在一定程度上,这与人的认知模式有关。通过认知隐喻,“黑”实现了从颜色范畴向其他范畴的映射,在扩展丰富词义的同时,也细化了词义,使词义更为明确。语境对“黑”的词义亦起到了明确和限制作用。“黑”的词义延伸还受文化因素的影响,具备了别具一格的特点。The formation and development of the phenomenon of polysemy are inseparably linked to cognitive metaphor.,Cognitive metaphors are closely connected with language,which can be divided into structural metaphors,spatial metaphors and ontological metaphors.Stural metaphors are based on the similarity of two concepts,which map a relatively concrete concept to a relatively abstract concept,that is,the concept of the source domain mapped onto the concept of the target domain.The spatial metaphor is a metaphor based on the reference point of the spa-tial concept.Ontological metaphors are the metaphors of abstract,amorphous concepts such as e-motions,actions,events,states and so on as concrete tangible entities and objects.These three types of metaphors are usually intermingled.The semantic extension of the Mongolian color term black embodies these metaphorical types.With the help of the relevant theory of cognitive meta-phor,this paper analyzes the meaning of the word black in Mongolian and semantic extension characteristics,and finds that the meaning of the word is expanding around the prototype mean-ing,forming a phenomenon of multiple meanings in one word.The word black mainly develops new meanings through radiation and chain development models,which is related to people's cogni tive patterns to a certain extent.With the help of cognitive metaphor,has achieved the mapping from the category of color to other categories,enriching and refining the meaning of words while making the meaning of words more definite.The also plays a role in clarifying and restricting the meaning of black.The semantic extension of black is also influenced by cultural factors,which has its unique characteristics.

关 键 词：认知隐喻 “黑” 词义的延伸 文化认知 

分 类 号：H212[语言文字—少数民族语言]