托讽取譬:论中国古代寓言的语篇修辞特质  

The Implicit Ethical Instruction of Allegorical Irony:On the Discursive Rhetoric of Chinese Classical Allegories

作　　者：杨庆云[1] 崔灿 YANG Qingyun;CUI Can(School of Foreign Language and Literature,BNU,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学外国语言文学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期42-51,共10页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于语料库的反讽与中国古代史官话语权建构的社会认知研究”(23BYY184);国家社会科学基金项目“基于语料库的英汉反讽对比研究”(15BYY015)。

摘　　要：寓言是中国古代经典而源远流长的修辞话语之一,以托讽取譬的修辞方式广泛参与汉语语篇范式的建构。近代以来的寓言研究,由于沿用西方寓言体裁观,以及囿于传统的经学、史学视角与文章学理路,长期忽略了其独特的修辞特质。基于自建的语料库,从194部子书、史传、笔记、文集和诗集中选取1046条寓言语料作为分析对象,通过模型分析与案例阐释,可以得出古典寓言环譬成训、假象托理以及连类指本的语篇建构模式,以及隐教述志的功能。中国古代寓言含蕴的丰富性正体现在它的语篇修辞特质中,是其至今具有旺盛生命力的原因所在。故而,从修辞特性之本质出发解释寓言,有助于对古典寓言进行自主定位和深度阐发。Allegory,one of the most classic rhetorical discourses in ancient China,extensively participates in the construction of the discursive paradigms by means of irony-featured analogy,and realizes the function of conveying ethical instruction or aspirations through the expression of different thematic categories.Previous studies of Chinese allegories have been constrained by the western generic allegory and traditional stylistic approach,neglecting the consistent rhetorical characteristic of allegories.Therefore,this study combines modeling analysis and linguistic data interpretation to discover the rhetorical characteristic and the discursive function of classical Chinese allegories.It is found that the ironic meaning is made prominent by an“analogical comparison”between figurative things and abstract concepts,while the“irony-featured allegory”orienting to persuasive satire hides the ethical instruction implicitly.The allegories present the thematic categories in the paradigm of euphemism,symbolism or parallelism in order to realize the expression of the ethical instruction or noble aspirations.

关 键 词：寓言 托讽取譬 修辞 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]