顺式调控元件在动物骨骼肌肌纤维类型决定和转化中的作用  

The role of cis-regulatory elements in the determination and transformation of muscle fiber type in animal skeletal muscles

作　　者：罗敬 雷开英 石嵩 徐小丽 孙学良 宋美君 张红平[1] 李利[1] Jing Luo;Kaiying Lei;Song Shi;Xiaoli Xu;Xueliang Sun;Meijun Song;Hongping Zhang;Li Li(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Aba Secondary Vocational and Technical Schools,Jiuzhaigou 623400,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [2]阿坝州中等职业技术学校,九寨沟623400

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第4期437-447,共11页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32072715)资助。

摘　　要：动物骨骼肌的基本单位是肌纤维。根据收缩速度和代谢特性,肌纤维主要分为快肌纤维和慢肌纤维,进一步基于MyHC亚型可细分为I、IIA、IIB和IIX型肌纤维,并且肌纤维类型之间可以相互转化。肌纤维的类型和含量不仅决定了肌肉的功能特性,还直接关系到肌肉的品质。与富含快肌纤维的肌肉相比,丰富的慢肌纤维使肌肉系水力高、肉质鲜嫩、风味较好。这些功能和品质差异与不同类型肌纤维代谢特性和结构蛋白组成密切相关。为了确保动物骨骼肌纤维的正常形成和转化,顺式调控元件通过与转录因子及其他调控蛋白互作,实现对一系列肌肉特异性靶基因的表达进行精准调控。本文首先阐述了肌纤维的分类及特性,继而对顺式调控元件在家畜快肌和慢肌纤维形成及其转化过程中的作用进行了综述和展望。本综述旨在深化理解基因表达调控与肌纤维多样性之间的关系,并为改善家畜肉质提供理论支持。Muscle fibers are the fundamental units of skeletal muscle.Based on contraction speed and metabolic properties,muscle fibers are categorized into fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers.Further subdivision based on MyHC gene isoforms identifies them as type I,IIA,IIB,and IIX fibers.There is potential for interconversion among these muscle fiber types.The proportions of different muscle fibers determine muscle functional properties and affect muscle quality.Compared with muscles mainly harboring fast-twitch fibers,muscles predominantly composed of slow-twitch fibers are characterized by enhanced water-holding capacity,tenderness,and superior flavor.During the formation and transformation of animal skeletal muscle fibers,the expression of a series of muscle-specific genes is precisely regulated by cis-regulatory elements.These cis-regulatory elements achieve precise regulation of the target genes through interactions with transcription factors and other regulatory proteins,thereby ensuring the formation and transformation of muscle fibers.Based on introducing the types and characteristics of muscle fibers,we summarize and prospect the role of the transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements in the formation and transformation of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers in livestock.The aim of this review is to deepen the understanding of the relationship between gene expression regulation and muscle fiber diversity,and to provide theoretical support for the improvement of meat quality in livestock.

关 键 词：顺式调控元件 骨骼肌 肌纤维类型 肉质 表达调控 

分 类 号：S813.2[农业科学—畜牧学]