东北薄层黑土区协调玉米产量和环境效应的氮肥一次性投入阈值  

Input threshold of one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer to coordinate maize yield and environmental effects in thin layer black soil region of Northeast China

作　　者：孔丽丽[1] 尹彩侠[1] 张磊[1] 刘志全[1] 侯云鹏[1] 高洪军[1] 徐新朋[2] KONG Lili;YIN Caixia;ZHANG Lei;LIU Zhiquan;HOU Yunpeng;GAO Hongjun;XU Xinpeng(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun 130033,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第4期656-666,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500104);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202024NC)资助。

摘　　要：为探寻东北黑土区兼顾玉米产量与环境效应的氮肥一次性投入阈值,在吉林省薄层黑土区(公主岭市刘房子村)开展了为期8年(2016—2023年)的田间定位试验,研究氮肥(普通尿素与控释氮肥配施4:6)一次性施用条件下玉米产量、氮素吸收利用、土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量变化和氮素平衡对不同氮肥用量(0、70、140、210、280和350 kg·hm^(-2),以N计)的响应。结果表明,与不施氮肥处理相比,施氮处理玉米产量8年平均增幅为63.8%~188.8%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。增产原因是施氮增加了穗粒数和百粒重。随氮肥用量增加,玉米产量呈上升趋势,当氮肥用量增至210kg·hm^(-2)达产量平台,8年平均产量为11 668kg·hm^(-2)。氮素表观回收率、农学利用效率和偏肥生产力均随氮肥用量增加呈下降趋势。随氮肥用量的增加,0~100 cm土层土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈增加趋势;2023年玉米收获后,N210处理土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量与试验起始值相近。8年氮素平衡结果显示,土壤无机氮素残留量与表观损失量均随氮肥用量的增加呈增加趋势。通过拟合氮肥用量与玉米产量、土壤氮素表观损失量和氮素表观回收率的关系得出,施氮范围在198~219 kg·hm^(-2)时,可获得较高的玉米产量和氮肥利用率,且能保持玉米收获前后土壤氮库的基本稳定,同时也可将氮素表观损失量维持在较低水平,因此,可作为兼顾玉米产量和环境效益的氮肥一次性投入阈值。研究结果可为东北薄层黑土区玉米氮肥一次性施用提供理论依据。To explore the input threshold of a one-time application of N fertilizer that considers maize yield and environmental effects in the black soil region of Northeast China,this study established a 8-year field experiment in the black thin-layer soil region of Jilin Province(Liufangzi Village,Gongzhuling City)from 2016 to 2023.This study revealed the responses of maize yield,N uptake and utilization,soil NO_(3)^(−)-N content,and soil N apparent balance to different N fertilizer application rates under the condition of a one-time application of N fertilizer(common urea plus controlled-release N fertilizer at a N ratio of 4∶6).Six N fertilizer application treatments were established:0,70,140,210,280,and 350 kg∙hm^(−2),labeled as N0,N70,N140,N210,N280,and N350,respectively.The results showed that the 8-year average maize yield increased by 63.8%–188.8%under N fertilizer application treatments compared with no N fertilizer,and significant differences were observed(P<0.05).The advantages of maize yield under N fertilizer application treatments were mainly attributed to the increased grains per ear and 100-kernel weight of maize.The maize yield showed an upward trend with increased N fertilizer application rates,reaching the yield platform under 210 kg∙hm^(−2) of N fertilizer application rate.With this N fertilizer application rate,the average maize yield over eight years was 11668 kg∙hm^(−2).N apparent recovery efficiency(REN),N agronomic efficiency(AEN),and N partial factor productivity(PFPN)decreased with increasing N fertilizer application rates.The NO_(3)^(−)-N contents in the 0–100 cm soil layer increased with increasing N application rates.The NO_(3)^(−)-N content under N210 treatment was similar to the initial value of the experiment after the maize was harvested in 2023.In the 8-year experiment,the N apparent balance results showed that inorganic N residual and N apparent loss increased with increasing N fertilizer application rates.Inorganic N residual under N210 treatment was similar to

关 键 词：黑土区 玉米产量 环境效应 控释氮肥 氮素利用效率 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]