农业生态补偿标准的量化方法研究与展望  

Exploration and outlook of quantitative methods on agricultural ecological compensation standards

作　　者：乔玉辉[1] 甄华杨 冯旭 鞠鲤懋 QIAO Yuhui;ZHEN Huayang;FENG Xu;JU Limao(Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming/College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Department of Agroecology,Aarhus University,Tjele 8830,Denmark)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/生物多样性与有机农业北京重点实验室,北京100193 [2]奥胡斯大学农业生态系,丹麦Tjele8830

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第4期783-793,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目(21JJB04)资助。

摘　　要：生态农业是实现农业可持续发展目标的核心路径之一,但是其发展面临着私人短期经济利益和公共长期生态效益的矛盾。农业生态补偿是化解这一矛盾的重要手段,农业生态补偿标准核算方法则是建立合理生态补偿机制的核心。目前,农业生态补偿核算存在着农产品生态价值未被有效识别、核算体系不完善、服务价值与负服务价值未有机结合等核心科学问题。因此,当前亟须建立一套基于农业生态系统服务价值和负服务价值的农业生态补偿标准核算方法,以更好地支持农业生态补偿政策实施,并指导农业生态系统管理。本文提出了一个综合的农业生态补偿标准核算框架,主要包括生态保护成本、经济收益以及农业生态系统服务价值与负服务价值等,并详细介绍了农业生态系统服务的评估指标体系、价值化方法及负服务价值的核算方法,以此为农业生态补偿标准的确定提供理论支持与方法指导。本文从经济成本、相对生态价值和农业生态补偿情景分析等角度探讨了农业生态补偿标准的确定,旨在为各地制定科学合理的农业生态补偿标准提供参考。最后,本文展望了未来农业生态补偿标准核算研究的发展方向,包括生命周期综合生态系统服务价值评估、区域差异化管理以及学术研究与实践应用结合等方面,以期为未来农业生态补偿政策的制定与实施提供理论和方法支撑,促进农业生产与生态环境保护协调发展。Agroecology has emerged as a key pathway to achieve the dual goals of agricultural sustainability and ecological environmental protection.However,their development has been hindered by conflicts between short-term private economic interests and longterm public ecological benefits.Eco-compensation has emerged as a vital economic tool for bridging this gap and incentivizing sustainable practices in agriculture.A methodology for calculating agricultural eco-compensation standards is essential for establishing a reasonable eco-compensation mechanism.The key scientific issue currently impeding the effective execution of agricultural eco-compensation is the ineffective identification and valuation of agricultural ecosystem services.These services are difficult to quantify economically, and lead to incomplete accounting systems. Moreover, current approaches often fail to integrate ecosystem service values (positive contributions from ecosystems) with ecosystem disservice values (negative contributions from ecosystems). The lack of a comprehensive accounting framework has resulted in compensation schemes that do not fully reflect the actual ecological and eco-nomic dynamics of agricultural systems. Consequently, establishing a structured method for determining agricultural eco-compensa-tion standards considering ecosystem service and disservice values to enhance the implementation of agricultural eco-compensation strategies and steer agro-ecosystem management, is important. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for implementing and managing agricultural eco-compensation. The framework addresses the full scope of economic costs and benefits by considering the complex interplay between ecosystem services. Indicator systems and monetization methods were elaborated for these values, offering theoretical support and methodological guidance for determining eco-compensation standards. This study also discusses eco-nomic costs, relative ecological values, and a scenario analysis of agricultural eco-compensation to provid

关 键 词：生态补偿 生态农业 补偿标准 量化方法 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]