移情入史,援史入经:吴淇“以意逆志”论的话语建构  

Empathy into History,History Entering Classics:Discourse Construction of Wu Qi′s Theory of"Interpreting a Writing from One′s Own Perspective"

作　　者：厉运伟 LI Yunwei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期74-82,共9页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“乾嘉汉学经典诠释学研究”(23CZWJ11)。

摘　　要：“以意逆志”命题本身作为一个不断延续的话语系统,具有自我生成与更新的思想活力和话语建构能力。清人吴淇标立“古人之意”以求取“古人之志”,实际上并未取消“己意”,而是在“己意”和“古人之志”的原有结构中置入了“古人之意”这一中间环节。为了打破时间性因素的限制,吴淇有意将“以意逆志”与“知人论世”两个命题相绾合,主张解诗者将“己意”楔入历史深处,在具体历史时空场景中与古人展开对话,由此实现了“人情不远”哲学话语与“知人论世”历史话语的融合。吴淇的“以意逆志”论具有浓厚的话语重建意味,“古人之意”的标出与“知人论世”的介入为突破汉宋人性论域中的心理诠释模式、创辟一种适应新的时代和学术需求的历史诠释范式提供了理论先导。As a continuous discourse system,the proposition of"interpreting a writing from one′s own perspective"has the ideological vitality and discourse construction ability of self generation and renewal.Wu Qi of the Qing Dynasty set up the concept of"the will of the ancients"in order to obtain their aspirations,but in reality,he did not cancel his own ideas,instead,he inserted the intermediate link of"the will of the ancients"into the original structure of his own will and the will of the ancients.In order to break the limitation of temporal factors,Wu Qi intentionally combined the two propositions of"interpreting a writing from one′s own perspective"and"knowing people and commenting on the world",advocating that poets should wedge their own ideas into the depths of history and start a dialogue with the ancients in specific historical time and space scenes,so as to realize the integration of the philosophical discourse of"human feelings are not far away"and the historical discourse of"knowing people and commenting on the world".Wu Qi′s theory of"interpreting a writing from one′s own perspective"demonstrates a strong sense of discourse reconstruction.The marking of"the meaning of the ancients"and the intervention of"knowing people and commenting on the world"provide a theoretical guide for breaking through the psychological interpretation mode in the field of human nature in the Han and Song Dynasties and creating a historical interpretation paradigm that adapts to the needs of the new era and academic needs.

关 键 词：吴淇 以意逆志 知人论世 移情 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]