犬儒主义心态的内容结构  

The Content Structure of Cynicism Mentality

作　　者：钟笑宇 郭永玉 Zhong Xiaoyu;Guo Yongyu(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2025年第2期414-424,共11页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：从心理学视角切入,将犬儒主义现象作为一种社会心态进行考察。首先,简要概括了其缺乏规范性道德原则、热衷于世俗功利的具体表现和形成原因。其次,梳理了心理学界的相关研究,并结合哲学、社会学理论,构建犬儒主义心态的内容结构。其中,人性维度包含“与他人的疏离感”、“人际间的假面化”两个子维度,系统维度包含“与系统的疏离感”、“有意识的虚假”、“顺从式的批判”三个子维度,道德维度包含“不拒绝的理解”、“嘲讽主流价值”两个子维度。犬儒主义心态可以作为一个社会是否健康的衡量指标。未来可根据内容结构编制量表,还可以探究如何干预犬儒主义心态,尤其应当注重健全社会结构和体制,削弱其负面影响。Cynicism mentality is a social mentality that arises in the process of modernization.People with this mentality follow the principle of the supremacy of personal interests,and believe in moral nihilism,often show an attitude of seeing through and mocking everything,unprincipled contempt for all moral judgments,and wear a“mask”to live.Cynicism is a negative attitude to life,formed by the combination of China's moral and cultural environment and social problems during the transition period,and this trend of thought may spread like a plague among the masses.At present,the research on cynicism is mainly concentrated in the fields of philosophy and sociology,mainly through speculation to explore this phenomenon.In psychology,distrust and malicious speculation about human nature,organization,social system,and ideology are generally called“cynicism”,which is difficult to accurately describe this social psychological phenomenon and easily confused with other similar concepts.Therefore,we summarize the relevant psychological research on cynicism and divide it into dimensions.We found that previous studies focused on three fields:humanity,system,and morality,and based on this,proposed their respective sub-dimensions.First,there is the humanity dimension,which has two sub-dimensions:“alienation from others”and“interpersonal masquerading”.There has been a lot of research in psychology on“humanity cynicism”,which generally refers to a negative assessment of the motives and moral character of others,namely the belief that others are“Machiavellians”.This skeptical attitude toward human nature makes it easy for individuals to feel disrespected,lack trust in others,and eventually produce psychological distance,forming a sense of“alienation from others”.In modern society,people cannot avoid necessary communication and cooperation,but one principle of cynicism is“interests first”,which makes them play different roles in different occasions against their will,wear a“mask”to get along with people,a

关 键 词：犬儒主义心态 人性维度 系统维度 道德维度 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]