考虑端部效应的方柱绕流特征及风载分布规律  

Flow characteristics around square columns and wind load distributions considering the end effect

作　　者：周烽 曾鑫 吴庆凌 高星元 唐浩俊[2] ZHOU Feng;ZENG Xin;WU Qingling;GAO Xingyuan;TANG Haojun(School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院,四川成都611756 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《交通科学与工程》2025年第2期53-62,共10页Journal of Transport Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178507);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0431、2022NSFSC0004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023002)。

摘　　要：【目的目的】探究有限长度方柱的绕流特性及端部效应对其气动力分布的影响。【方法方法】采用数值模拟对不同宽高比和纵向长度下方柱的气动特性进行了系统分析。首先,通过二维方柱截面计算验证了模型及方法的可靠性,并讨论了宽高比对截面气动力的影响。随后,分析了三维有限长度方柱的气动力沿纵向的演变规律及端部绕流的影响范围。【结果结果】截面宽高比的增加导致尾流区域旋涡长度随之增加,负压区减小,阻力系数和斯特劳哈尔数呈线性递减趋势;当长高比小于20时,方柱整体阻力系数与斯特劳哈尔数随纵向长度的增加而迅速增大,尾流场变化显著,呈现出明显的三维特征;当长高比进一步增大时,参数的增幅趋缓,但端部绕流现象仍然突出,两端旋涡脱落现象减少,气动力呈现中部大而端部小的分布特征。【结论结论】揭示了有限长度方柱绕流的三维特性及端部效应对气动力分布的重要影响,为工程设计与空气动力学应用提供了重要参考。[Purposes]The paper aims to investigate the flow characteristics around finite-length square columns and the impact of end effects on aerodynamic force distribution.[Methods]This study conducted numerical simulations to systematically analyze aerodynamic behaviors under varying width-to-height ratios and longitudinal lengths.Initially,the reliability of the computational model and method was validated using a two-dimensional square column section,and the influence of the width-to-height ratio on sectional aerodynamic characteristics was examined.Subsequently,the evolution of aerodynamic force distribution in the longitudinal direction and the extent of end flow effects were identified in three-dimensional finite-length square columns.[Findings]Results indicate that as the width-to-height ratio increases,the vortex length in the wake region grows while the low-pressure zone shrinks,which leads to a linear decrease in drag coefficient and Strouhal number.When the length-to-height ratio is below 20,both the overall drag coefficient and Strouhal number rise rapidly with the increasing longitudinal length,and the wake flow field changes significantly,exhibiting strong three-dimensional characteristics.As the length-to-height ratio continues to increase,the growth rates of these parameters slow down.However,end flow effects remain prominent.The vortex shedding near both ends weakens,which makes aerodynamic force show the distribution characteristics of being higher in the middle and lower at the ends.[Conclusions]This study reveals the three-dimensional flow characteristics around finite-length square columns and highlights the critical role of end effects in their aerodynamic force distribution,providing valuable insights for engineering design and aerodynamic application.

关 键 词：空气动力学 三维方柱 端部效应 数值模拟 流场特性 气动力 

分 类 号：O355[理学—流体力学]