奶牛饲料对乳中反式脂肪酸的影响  

Effect of dairy cow feed on trans fatty acids in milk

作　　者：王雪琪 檀朝立 邓泽元[1,2] 李静[1,2] WANG Xueqi;TAN Zhaoli;DENG Zeyuan;LI Jing(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China;College of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China;Jiangxi Sunshine Dairy Co.Ltd.,Nanchang 330001,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,南昌330047 [2]南昌大学食品学院,南昌330047 [3]江西阳光乳业股份有限公司,南昌330001

出　　处：《中国乳品工业》2025年第4期51-61,66,共12页China Dairy Industry

基　　金：赣鄱俊才支持计划(20232BCJ22046)。

摘　　要：探究奶牛饲料对乳中反式脂肪酸组成和含量的影响,为奶牛饲养提供理论和科学依据。文章对2005~2023年期间PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct、中国知网、维普和万方等数据库中“反式脂肪酸、奶牛、饲料”关键词进行检索,主要关注饲粮变化对乳中反式脂肪酸的影响。结果表明:(1)牧草及苜蓿青贮因具有较高水平的纤维素(36.0%~51.0%干物质(Dry matter,DM))及18∶3 n-3脂质(42.6%~53.1%总脂肪酸(Fatty acids,∑FAs)),有利于乳中11t 18∶1的生成(0.89%~1.32%∑FAs),对乳中总反式脂肪酸(Trans fatty acid,∑TFA)影响较小,而商业精粮及玉米青贮会降低乳中11t 18∶1的水平(0.74%~1.07%∑FAs),玉米青贮的加入使乳中∑TFA浓度升高(2.7%~5.0%∑FAs);(2)油料作物的添加有助于增强乳的营养,由于其多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,在瘤胃生物氢化过程中会积累11t 18∶1在内的多种18∶1异构体,使乳中∑TFA浓度升高。且易与高淀粉的饲粮抑制乳脂分泌,并产生10t 18∶1及其他t18∶1,从而削弱自身营养水平;(3)单宁、肉桂醛、皂苷等植物化学物对乳中反式脂肪酸的影响未得到广泛证实,蛋白凝胶包裹饲料脂质在一定程度上可降低奶牛乳中反式脂肪酸水平。结果表明,牧草及苜蓿青贮有利于11t 18∶1生成,对∑TFA影响较小;油料作物在升高乳中11t 18∶1水平的同时伴随∑TFA浓度上升。而商业精粮及玉米青贮会降低乳中11t 18∶1水平,升高∑TFA水平。蛋白凝胶包裹饲料脂质在一定程度上可降低乳中反式脂肪酸水平。To investigate the effects of dairy cow feed on the composition and concentration of trans fatty acids(TFAs)in milk,and to provide a theory and scientific basis for the feeding of dairy cow.This paper searched the papers published in PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Science and Technology Journal Database and Wanfang Database during the period 2005~2023 with the keywords“trans fatty acids(TFAs),dairy cows,and feeds”,focusing mainly on the effects of feed changes on TFAs in milk.The research results show that:(1)Pasture and alfalfa silage favore the production of 11t 18:1 in milk(0.89%~1.32%∑FAs)due to higher level of cellulose(36.0%~51.0%DM)and 18∶3 n-3 lipids(42.6%~53.1%∑FAs),and have less effect on∑TFA in milk,whereas commercial concentrate mix and corn silage reduce the level of 11t 18∶1 in milk(0.74%~1.07%∑FAs),and the addition of corn silage resulted in an increase in the concentration of∑TFA in milk(2.7%~5.0%∑FAs).(2)The addition of oilseed crops contributes to the nutritional enhancement of milk,and due to their rich polyunsaturated fatty acid content,they accumulate a number of 18∶1 isomers,including 11t 18∶1,during rumen biohydrogenation,which increases the∑TFA concentration in milk.Easily associated with high starch diets inhibits milk fat secretion and produces 10t 18∶1 and other t18∶1 isomers,thus weakening its own nutritional level.(3)The effects of some phytochemicals(e.g.,tannins,cinnamaldehyde,saponins,etc.)on trans fatty acids in milk have not been widely demonstrated,and protein gel wrapping of feed lipids may reduce trans fatty acid concentrations in cow milk to some extent.The research results show that pasture and alfalfa silage favore the production of 11t 18∶1 and have a small effect on∑TFA;oilseed crops elevate the level of 11t 18∶1 in milk and at the same time elevate the∑TFA concentration.In contrast,commercial concentrate mix and corn silage would reduce the level of 11t 18∶1 in milk and elevate th

关 键 词：反式脂肪酸 乳 生物氢化 饲料 

分 类 号：TS252.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]