水体地西泮暴露对草鱼肌肉中地西泮及其代谢物残留的影响及膳食摄入风险评估  

Effects of diazepam in water on residues of diazepam and its metabolites in grass carp muscle and assessment of consumption related health risks

作　　者：徐小栋 杨臻 李英 贾芳慧 乔璐 胡鑫 徐锦华 孙慧武[1] 穆迎春[1] XU Xiaodong;YANG Zhen;LI Ying;JIA Fanghui;QIAO Lu;HU Xin;XU Jinhua;SUN Huiwu;MU Yingchun(Quality and Standard Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100141,China;Beijing Municipal Quality Safety Center for Agricultural Products,Beijing,102629,China;School of Food Science and Engineering,Bohai University,Jinzhou,Liaoning,121013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院,农业农村部水产品质量安全控制重点试验室,北京100141 [2]北京市农产品质量安全中心,北京102629 [3]渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁锦州121013

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2024年第6期38-48,共11页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：中国农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP20230401);中国水产科学研究院中央公益科学机构基础研究基金项目(CAFS2023A002)。

摘　　要：地西泮又称安定,是一种苯二氮卓类镇定剂,被广泛应用于治疗焦虑、失眠、癫痫等疾病。长期摄入会产生易怒、头痛乏力以及药物依赖等毒副作用。中国目前尚未批准地西泮作为水产养殖用药,但草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)等淡水产品中地西泮频有检出。地西泮在食用水产品中的研究相对较少,尤其是草鱼等大规模养殖鱼类在地西泮污染水体暴露条件下,食用草鱼肌肉中地西泮及其代谢物的富集代谢残留规律和食用相关健康风险评估的研究还比较缺乏。本研究对地西泮及其代谢物在草鱼肌肉组织中的富集代谢情况进行了详细分析。在环境相关浓度条件下,仅当地西泮水体浓度达到100 ng/L及以上时,草鱼肌肉存在残留超标风险。草鱼肌肉中地西泮及其代谢物残留绝对浓度排序为:地西泮>去甲西泮>奥沙西泮>替马西泮。草鱼肌肉中去甲西泮是相较于其他代谢物而言含量最高的主要代谢物,并且呈现出与地西泮相似的富集代谢规律且半衰期与地西泮相当,其潜在危害作用不容忽视。利用WT1.4软件计算了草鱼肌肉中地西泮超标条件下的休药期。基于不同地西泮暴露浓度下草鱼食用肌肉组织中地西泮残留水平,结合每日推荐膳食摄入量开展膳食摄入风险评估,结果显示草鱼肌肉中地西泮残留对成人、儿童及幼儿的膳食摄入风险整体处于可接受水平。本研究为地西泮的污染控制、毒理研究和风险评估提供了理论依据和参考。[中国渔业质量与标准,2024,14(6):38-48]Diazepam,a widely used benzodiazepine tranquilizer for treating conditions such as anxiety,insomnia,and epilepsy,poses significant risks of adverse effects like irritability,headaches,fatigue,and drug dependence upon prolonged exposure.Though not approved for use in aquaculture,its presence has been frequently detected in freshwater fish species,including grass carp,crucian carp,and common carp.Research on diazepam contamination in edible aquatic products remains sparse,particularly in large-scale farmed fish like grass carp,with limited studies addressing bioaccumulation,metabolic residue patterns,and health risk assessments.Our study conducted a detailed analysis of the accumulation and metabolism of diazepam and its metabolites in grass carp muscle tissue.Our findings indicate that at environmentally relevant concentrations,residues may exceed permissible levels when waterborne diazepam concentrations reach 100 ng/L or higher.Among the metabolites,nordazepam was found to be the most abundant in grass carp muscle,exhibiting a similar accumulation profile to diazepam with a comparable half-life,highlighting potential health risks.Additionally,we calculated withdrawal periods using the WT1.4 software under conditions where diazepam residues exceed permissible levels.Dietary intake risk assessments,based on residual levels in edible muscle tissues across various exposure concentrations and combined with recommended daily dietary intakes,suggest that diazepam residues in grass carp pose acceptable dietary risks for adults,children,and toddlers.These insights are valuable for pollution control,toxicological research,and risk assessment related to diazepam.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2024,14(6):38-48]

关 键 词：草鱼 地西泮及其代谢物 富集代谢 药代动力学分析 休药期 风险评估 

分 类 号：S91[农业科学—水产科学]