近年来水产品主要药物风险因素分析及监管建议  

Analysis of risk factors of main drugs in aquatic products in recent years and regulatory recommendations

作　　者：吴鸿敏 孙栋 WU Hongmin;SUN Dong(Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Ji’nan 250117,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淡水渔业研究院,山东济南250117

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2024年第6期49-56,共8页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

摘　　要：为了了解中国近年来水产品药物残留风险。通过收集整理2016—2023年国家市场监督管理总局官网、各省市场监督管理局和食安通发布的水产品监督抽检数据,结合农业农村部发布的水产品例行监测和有关水产品质量安全风险监测机构开展水产品监测数据进行分析。结果表明恩诺沙星、硝基呋喃类药物、孔雀石绿、氧氟沙星、氯霉素、地西泮和磺胺类药物是水产品主要的药物风险因素,并对这些主要药物风险因素进行全方位的分析。提出了切实有效的监管建议,主要包括科学合理优化抽检方案,持续加强兽药监控力度;加强法规宣贯和政策落实,强化水产养殖单位的主体责任;发挥水产技术推广部门的职能,做好渔业先进技术推广;加强兽药标准体系建设,增强检测能力;加强科技创新与基础研究,推动渔业高质量绿色发展;增强各部门之间的合作共享,形成有效监管合力等。[中国渔业质量与标准,2024,14(6):49-56]In order to analyze the risk of drug residues in aquatic products in China in recent years,the aquatic product monitoring data were analyzed by collecting and collating the data of aquatic products supervision and inspection published by the official website of State Administration for Market Regulation,the different provincial Administration for Market Regulation and the food and safety administration of China(FST)from 2016 to 2023,as well as the routine monitoring of aquatic products issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and related monitoring organization of aquatic products quality and safety.The results showed that enrofloxacin,nitrofuran,malachite green,ofloxacin,chloramphenicol,diazepam and sulfonamide were found to be the major drug risk factors of aquatic products,and the main drug risk factors mentioned above were made a comprehensive analysis.The effective supervision suggestions were put forward,whcih mainly included scientific and reasonable optimization of sampling and inspection scheme,continuous strengthening of veterinary drug monitoring,strengthening the promotion of laws and implementation of policies,strengthening the main responsibility of aquaculture units;diplaying fully the functions of aquatic technology extension departments,and doing well in the promotion of advanced fishery technology;strengthening the establishment of standards system for veterinary drugs,and strengthening the detection ability;strengthening scientific and technological innovation and basic research,and promoting the high-quality and green development of fisheries;strengthening the cooperation and sharing among various departments to form effective supervision forces.

关 键 词：水产品 兽药 风险分析 监管建议 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]