添加铜箔的铝合金/不锈钢FSW接头组织与力学性能  

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of aluminum alloy/stainless steel with copper foil

作　　者：郭国林 沈昊 曲若嘉 沈中增 樊丽丽 齐伟豪 冯涛 GUO Guolin;SHEN Hao;QU Ruojia;SHEN Zhongzeng;FAN Lili;QI Weihao;FENG Tao(School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Suzhou 215500,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Jingtianairen Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215228,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏苏州215500 [2]苏州敬天爱人环境科技有限公司,江苏苏州215228

出　　处：《焊接》2025年第4期28-33,共6页Welding & Joining

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12302165)。

摘　　要：【目的】铝和钢异种材料的连接在交通、建筑和电子电器等领域都有广泛的应用,焊接时接头易出现气孔、裂纹等缺陷,从而导致铝/钢复合结构性能下降。该文通过添加铜箔对6061铝合金和304不锈钢进行搅拌摩擦焊接,研究接头的组织和力学性能。【方法】通过理论分析选择添加材料并进行试验制备焊接试样,采用金相观察、拉伸试验方法对不同焊接速度下接头的界面结构和力学性能进行了研究。【结果】结果表明,不同焊接速度下,接头界面处的冶金反应、铜颗粒弥散强化及形成的Hook尺寸存在差异;在合适的焊接工艺参数下,影响异种金属搅拌摩擦搭接接头结合强度的主要因素是界面处的冶金反应,其次是Hook尺寸和颗粒弥散强化等机械混合;焊接速度为10 mm/min时,试样在界面处断裂;焊接速度为20~40 mm/min时,试样在后退侧铝合金上发生断裂;焊接速度为20 mm/min时,接头的抗拉载荷最大,达到2.16 kN;不加铜箔时,试样断裂于界面处,抗拉载荷仅0.56 kN。【结论】采用搅拌摩擦焊接工艺可对添加铜箔的6061铝合金/304不锈钢进行连接,当转速为1 200 r/min、焊接速度为20 mm/min、下压量为0.1 mm时,能获得高质量的接头。[Objective]The connection of aluminum alloy and steel is widely used in the fields of transportation,construction and electronic appliances,and welded joints are prone to porosity,cracks and other defects during welding,which leads to deterioration of performance of aluminum/steel composite structure.In this paper,friction stir welding is carried out on 6061 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel with copper foil to study microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints.[Methods]By theoretical analysis,the addition material is selected to test and to prepare welding samples.The interface structure and mechanical properties of welded joints at different welding speeds are studied by means of metallographic observation and tensile test.[Results]The results show that there are differences in metallurgical reaction,dispersion strengthening of copper particles and Hook size at the interface of welded joints at different welding speeds.Under appropriate welding parameters,the main factor affecting bonding strength of friction stir lap joints of dissimilar metals is metallurgical reaction at the interface,followed by Hook size and particle dispersion strengthening and other mechanical mixing.When welding speed is 10 mm/min,samples break at the interface.When welding speed is 20~40 mm/min,samples fail in aluminum alloy on the retreating side.The maximum tensile load of 2.16 kN is obtained at the welding speed of 20 mm/min.When no copper foil is added,samples fail at the interface,and tensile load is only 0.56 kN.[Conclusion]Friction stir welding process could be used to connect 6061 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel with copper foil.When rotation speed is 1200 r/min,welding speed is 20 mm/min,and down pressure is 0.1 mm,high-quality welded joints can be obtained.

关 键 词：6061铝合金/304不锈钢 铜箔 搅拌摩擦焊 组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接] TG407