复合材料对沙地农田土壤蓄水保肥和细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of composites on water storage and fertilizer retention and bacterial diversity in sandy farmland soil

作　　者：王雪姣 柴雅心 杜晨璐 唐海洋 焦硕 韦革宏[2] 王红雷 WANG Xuejiao;CHAI Yaxin;DU Chenlu;TANG Haiyang;JIAO Shuo;WEI Gehong;WANG Honglei(College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Life Science,Northwest A&F University,National Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Environmental Microbiology,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西农业与环境微生物重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第7期102-110,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2021YFD1900500)。

摘　　要：膨润土、秸秆及沙蒿胶等常以单独施用的方式用于沙化土壤改良。制备和探索以膨润土、秸秆及沙蒿胶为基料的复合功能材料改土培肥效能,可为沙地土壤综合改良提供新途径。选择毛乌素沙地马铃薯农田,通过开展为期90 d的控制试验,解析了3种材料配比(C1:膨润土∶秸秆∶沙蒿胶=0.5∶1∶0.4、C2:膨润土∶秸秆∶沙蒿胶=1∶1∶0.4、C3:膨润土∶秸秆∶沙蒿胶=2∶1∶0.4)对沙地土壤蓄水、保肥及细菌菌群生态功能与稳定性的影响。结果表明:1)配施复合材料均显著提升了沙地马铃薯块茎质量和土壤保水能力,其中与CK相比C1处理组增产和保水效果最优,土壤饱和导水率降低了88.24%,土壤含水率提高了1.64倍;2)配施3种复合材料均显著提升土壤速效磷(available phosphorous,AP)与速效钾(available potassium,AK)含量,分别提高了14.3%~74.22%与29.50%~104.64%;3)配施3种复合材料均能增强沙化农田土壤细菌群落的总体稳定性,提高沙化土壤细菌中变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门等富营养型菌群丰度,并显著促进富集Bacillus与Microvirga等解磷解钾和促生功能菌群。基于土壤综合改良的视角,C1配比更适用于沙化农田土壤改良。研究结果可为退化贫瘠的沙地马铃薯农田土壤综合改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。Materials as bentonite,straw,artemisia gum are often used to mitigate obstacles such as water and nutrient leaching in sandy soils.Preparing and exploring composite functional materials based on bentonite,straw and Artemisia gum for soil improvement and fertilization can provide a new approach for the comprehensive improvement of sandy soil,this study conducted a 90 d field control experiment in farmland within the Mu Su sandy land.The experiment investigated the impact of three material ratios(C1:bentonite:straw:artemisia gum=0.5:1:0.4;C2:bentonite:straw:artemisia gum=1:1:0.4;C3:bentonite:straw:artemisia gum=2:1:0.4)on soil water retention,nutrient preservation,and bacterial community diversity in sandy soil.The results of the study were as follows:1)The application of composite materials has demonstrated significant improvements in potato tuber quality and soil water retention capacity in sandy soil.Among them,the C1 treatment group demonstrated the most pronounced improvement in yield enhancement and water conservation compared to the control(CK),with soil saturated hydraulic conductivity reduced by 88.24%,and soil moisture content increased by 1.64 fold;2)The combined application of all three composite materials significantly increased the soil available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)contents,with increments ranging from 14.3%to 74.22%and 29.50%to 104.64%,respectively;3)The application of three composites consistently enhanced the overall stability of bacterial communities in sandy farmland soil.Specifically,it elevated the abundance of eutrophic bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while significantly promoting functional taxa including Bacillus and Microvirga,which are known for phosphate-solubilizing,potassium-mobilizing,and plant growth-promoting activities.From the perspective of comprehensive soil improvement,the C1 formulation demonstrated superior applicability for rehabilitating sandy agricultural soils.These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and

关 键 词：土壤 细菌 养分 天然钠基膨润土 秸秆 沙蒿胶 沙土 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]