低空风切变对大型直升机飞行特性的影响  

Influence of Low-Level Wind Shear on Flight Characteristics of Large Helicopters

作　　者：叶毅 陈仁良[1] 卫圆 YE Yi;CHEN Renliang;WEI Yuan(National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期226-235,共10页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11672128)。

摘　　要：为分析低空风切变对某大型直升机起飞过程中飞行特性的影响,建立风切变模型以及耦合风干扰的直升机飞行动力学模型。模拟不同强度和风向的水平风垂直切变,以及不同强度上洗和下洗垂直切变对大型直升机起飞过程中姿态、位移及操纵响应的影响。结果表明:随着水平风垂直切变强度的增大,直升机俯仰姿态逐渐出现振荡,且纵向位置偏移明显。风向的改变显著影响横、纵向周期变距。不论是上洗还是下洗垂直切变,均会引起直升机姿态变化和位置偏移,下洗引起的姿态变化幅度更大,对驾驶员操纵的影响也更为严重。To analyze the influence of low-level wind shear on the flight characteristics of a large helicopter during takeoff,a wind shear model and a helicopter flight dynamics model coupled with wind interference are established.The effects of vertical shear of horizontal wind with different intensities and directions,as well as vertical shear of upwash and downwash with different intensities,on the attitude,displacement,and control response of a large helicopter during takeoff are simulated.The results show that with the increase of vertical shear intensity of the horizontal wind,the pitch attitude of the helicopter gradually oscillates,and the longitudinal position shifts obviously.The lateral and longitudinal cyclic are significantly affected by the change in wind direction.Both upwash and downwash vertical shears cause changes in helicopter attitude and position,but downwash results in greater attitude variations and has a more serious effect on pilot control.

关 键 词：低空风切变 直升机 飞行特性 飞行动力学 操纵响应 

分 类 号：V212.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]