直升机发动机引气限流及温降特性研究  

Research on Characteristics of Helicopter Engine Bleed Airflow Limitation and Temperature Drop

作　　者：罗平根[1] 曾曼成[1] 陈政 夏文庆[2] LUO Pinggen;ZENG Mancheng;CHEN Zheng;XIA Wenqing(China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China;College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国直升机设计研究所,景德镇333001 [2]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期236-242,共7页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

摘　　要：直升机发动机规定环控系统引气量不应超出其最大允许值,以避免发动机功率损失过大。考虑到飞行姿态变化对引气参数的影响,提出了“超临界喷嘴流量因子”的概念,并推导出相应的计算公式。试验数据显示,发动机最大引气量的实测数据与理论计算值偏差在3%以内,验证了该方法在发动机引气限流上的准确性和实用性。该方法简化了测试流程,避免了流量传感器对引气流动特性的干扰,提高了测试精度。此外,为减少引气量并消除高温引气管路对周边设备的安全隐患,结合工程实际对引气管路的保温措施进行了改进,并研究了不同引气温度、压力和流量条件下,引气管路出口和保温层外表面的温降特性。本文研究成果为引气管路设计优化,提高热效率及直升机的安全运行提供了技术参考。The helicopter’s environmental control system is restricted from drawing more than its engine’s maximum allowed bleed air volume to avoid excessive power loss.Considering the effects of flight attitude changes on bleed air parameters,this paper proposes the concept of“supercritical nozzle flow factor”and derives the corresponding calculation formula.Experimental data show that the deviation between the actual measured maximum bleed air volume of the engine and the theoretical calculation value is within 3%,validating the accuracy and practicality of this method for limiting engine bleed air flow.The method simplifies the testing process,avoids the interference of flow sensors on the characteristics of induced air flow,and enhances the test precision.Additionally,to reduce bleed air volume and eliminate safety hazards posed by high-temperature bleed air pipes to surrounding equipment,this paper improves insulation measures based on practical engineering and studies temperature drop characteristics under different bleed air temperature,pressure,and flow conditions at the outlet of the bleed air pipe and the outer surface of the insulation layer.These research results help optimize the bleed air pipe design,increase the thermal efficiency,and provide the technical reference for safe operation of helicopters.

关 键 词：直升机 引气限流 超临界喷嘴 流量因子 温降 

分 类 号：V245.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]