尾矿库干滩长度测量方法研究  

Measurement Method of Dry Beach Length in Tailings Pond

作　　者：郭有劲 王伟明 张诏飞 席伟 GUO Youjin;WANG Weiming;ZHANG Zhaofei;XI Wei(China Railway Resources Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100039,China;China Railway Resources Group Survey and Design Co.,Ltd.,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;Technology Innovation Center of Non-coal Geotechnical Engineering,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;Yichun Luming Mining Co.,Ltd.,Yichun 152500,Heilongjiang,China;School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁资源集团有限公司,北京100039 [2]中铁资源集团勘察设计有限公司,河北廊坊065000 [3]河北省非煤矿山岩土工程技术创新中心,河北廊坊065000 [4]伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司,黑龙江伊春152500 [5]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《中国钼业》2025年第2期39-46,共8页China Molybdenum Industry

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(编号:2022YFC2904500)。

摘　　要：梳理激光测距法、图像识别法和无人机测量法应用于干滩长度测量时的原理和特点,发现以上方法在气候适应性、测量精度等方面存在不足。为提高干滩长度监测方法的实用性,提出了一种基于力学感应的干滩长度测量方法。结合方法原理及不同尾矿库干滩监测案例,从多方面对以上4种干滩长度测量方法进行对比,认为激光测距法具有系统组建容易、操作简单等优点,且在一般环境条件时具有较强的可靠性,在非高寒区、三等及以下尾矿库干滩长度监测方面具有较好的实用性;图像识别法需进一步与红外成像、多光谱成像、深度学习、人工智能等技术相融合、提高在降雨等异常气候的监测可靠性,并进一步降低使用门槛;无人机测量干滩长度在系统组建、监测实时性以及降雨等异常气候适用性等方面存在缺陷,但可作为尾矿库全面安全管控的技术手段使用;力学感应法在异常气候适用性、高寒区适用性、滩顶确定精准度以及功能扩展等方面具有强大的优势,可作为高寒尾矿库及高等级尾矿库干滩长度监测的首选方案。After sorting out the principles and characteristics of laser ranging,image recognition,and unmanned aerial vehicle measurement methods in the application of dry beach length measurement,it was found that these methods have shortcomings in climate adaptability,measurement accuracy,and other aspects.To improve the practicality of the dry beach length monitoring method,a dry beach length measurement method based on mechanical induction is proposed.Based on the principles of the method and different monitoring cases of dry shoals in tailings ponds,this paper compares the above four methods of measuring the length of dry shoals from multiple aspects.It is believed that laser ranging method has the advantages of easy system construction,simple operation,and strong reliability under general environmental conditions.It has good practicality in monitoring the length of dry shoals in non high cold areas,third class and below tailings ponds;The image recognition method needs to be further integrated with technologies such as infrared imaging,multispectral imaging,deep learning,and artificial intelligence to improve the reliability of monitoring abnormal climates such as rainfall,and further reduce the threshold for use;The measurement of dry beach length by unmanned aerial vehicles has deficiencies in system construction,real-time monitoring,and applicability to abnormal weather conditions such as rainfall.However,it can be used as a technical means for comprehensive safety control of tailings ponds;The mechanical induction method has strong advantages in the applicability to abnormal climates,high-altitude regions,accuracy in determining beach tops,and functional expansion.It can be used as the preferred solution for monitoring the length of dry beaches in high-altitude and high-grade tailings ponds.

关 键 词：干滩长度 激光测距法 图像识别法 无人机 分布式光纤 

分 类 号：TD76[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]