19世纪晚期英国史学界的文学和科学之争——以爱德华·弗里曼为研究重点  

The Literary-Scientific Conflict in British Historiography in the Late 19~(th)Century:Focus on E.A.Freeman

作　　者：朱俊达 Zhu Junda

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《史学史研究》2025年第1期63-78,共16页Journal of Historiography

摘　　要：19世纪晚期的英国史学经历了重大的转型,在兰克奠基的史学方法以及“科学”旗帜的鼓舞下,英国史学开始朝着科学化与专业化的方向前进。然而由于本土文学传统的根深蒂固,英国史学转型的过程并非一帆风顺,乃至于在英国史学家之间激起了有关史学中文学与科学成分的广泛争论。爱德华·弗里曼是这场争论中的一位关键人物,他一方面积极推进牛津大学的专业历史学科建设,另一方面又极力维护英国史学中的文学传统,对两种因素的矛盾既有弥合又有激化。弗里曼的多重态度不仅展示了英国史学家对于文学与科学两种因素关系的思考,也体现了他们在自身传统中对现代历史学科的认知,为理解19世纪下半叶的英国史学转型提供了重要线索。A significant transformation occurred in British historiography in the late 19~(th)century,inspired by the historical methods established by Leopold von Ranke and the“scientific”history,British historiography began to move toward a more scientific and professional direction.However,due to the deep-local literary traditions,the transformation of British historiography was not smooth,sparking widespread debates among British historians about the literary and scientific elements in historiography.Edward Augustus Freeman was a key figure in this debate.On the one hand,he actively promoted the development of professional discipline of history at the University of Oxford;on the other hand,he vigorously defended the literary tradition in British historiography.The contradictions between these two elements are both reconciled and exacerbated in his career.Freeman's complex attitude not only reflects the British historians'contemplation of the relationship between literature and science,but also reveals their understanding of the modern discipline of history in their own tradition.This provides important reference for understanding the transformation of British historiography in the latter half of the 19~(th)century.

关 键 词：弗里曼 英国史学 历史学科 历史写作 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]