多维视角下教育对我国老年人健康的影响机制研究  

Study on the Impact Mechanism of Education on the Health of the Elderly in China from Multiple Perspectives

作　　者：谷琳[1] Gu Lin(Capital Normal University,Beijing,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100048

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2025年第3期315-322,共8页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：北京市社科联项目“扩大对外开放背景下北京高等教育国际化能力体系建设研究”(20JYA002)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨多维视角下教育对我国老年人健康的直接影响和教育通过生活方式、社会经济地位对我国老年人健康的间接影响。方法:选取2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,应用回归分析和中介效应检验模型分析教育对我国老年人自评健康、身体健康和心理健康的影响机制。结果:(1)教育对我国老年人健康状况有显著正向影响(P均<0.05),受教育程度越高,我国老年人自评健康、身体健康和心理健康状况越好;并且存在性别、年龄、婚姻状况、城乡和地区差异。(2)教育通过加强锻炼保持健康的生活方式对我国老年人的自评健康、身体健康和心理健康产生的间接效应显著,分别占总效应的17.297%、21.93%和4.274%。(3)教育通过影响社会经济地位对我国老年人的自评健康、身体健康和心理健康产生的间接效应显著,分别占总效应的19.459%、21.053%和18.803%。结论:教育既能直接影响我国老年人的自评健康、身体健康和心理健康,又能通过加强锻炼和提高社会经济地位改善我国老年人的健康状况,因此要推动教育资源均衡分配,提高未来农村和西部地区老年人的受教育水平;在社区或村建设适合老年人的健身设施,鼓励老年人参与锻炼,预防慢性疾病的发生;为经济困难的老年人提供社会救助,以及免费或低成本的健康检查和预防性医疗服务;通过降低老年人的就医成本,提高老年人的健康水平。Objective To explore the direct and indirect effects of education on the health of the elderly in China from multiple perspectives.Methods Data of the 2021 China General Social Survey(CGSS)were used to analyze the impact mechanism of education on the self-rated health,physical health,and mental health of the elderly in China by using regression analysis and mediation effect test models.Results Education has a significantly positive impact on the health status of the elderly in China(P<0.05).The higher the level of education,the better the self-rated health,physical health,and mental health of the elderly.And there are gender,age,marital status,urban-rural,and regional differences.Education has a significantly indirect effect on the self-rated health,physical health,and mental health of the elderly through exercise,accounting for 17.297%,21.93%,and 4.274%of the total effect,respectively.Education has a significantly indirect effect on the self-rated health,physical health,and mental health of the elderly through socioeconomic status,accounting for 19.459%,21.053%,and 18.803%of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion Education can directly affect the self-rated health,physical health,and mental health of elderly people in China,and also affect their multi-dimensional health through exercise and socioeconomic status.Therefore,efforts should be made to promote the equitable distribution of educational resources and improve the educational level of elderly people in rural and western areas in the future.Suitable fitness facilities should be built in communities or villages to encourage elderly people to participate in exercise and prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.Social assistance should be provided for economically disadvantaged elderly people,as well as free or low-cost health check-ups and preventive medical services.By reducing the cost of medical care for the elderly,their health levels can be improved.

关 键 词：受教育程度 自评健康 身体健康 心理健康 生活方式 社会经济地位 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] C924.2[社会学—人口学] G40[文化科学—教育学原理]