跨越科层边界的重组:制造业劳务外包模式的运行机制  

Reorganization Across Bureaucratic Boundaries:The Operation Mechanism of Manufacturing Labor Outsourcing Model

作　　者：田雅馨 TIAN Yaxin(School of Sociology,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会》2025年第2期64-91,共28页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：劳务外包模式打破了科层与市场边界分明的既往认知,展现了兼具科层与市场特征的新型网络组织形态。本文站在参与劳务外包模式的工厂立场,探究跨越科层边界的重组何以发生。研究表明,工厂在开放科层边界的基础上与劳务公司重组为十字交错的网络组织。一方面,科层打开了纵向整合机制,从混岗安置、岗位调整、人员筛查三方面设置人岗匹配的用工协调制度。另一方面,科层开放了横向延伸机制,从试工权利的有偿开放、退一补一的无缝运作和工期结束的分类安排三方面构建进出有序的临时用工环境。由此,制造业劳务外包模式具备了可控的灵活性特征。与此相对,一个被控的灵活就业群体也被生产出来,成为制造业应对用工不确定环境的工具。In China’s manufacturing sector,the labor outsourcing model has fostered a picture of employment that organizes free floating temporary workers in an orderly fashion.The question of how this seemingly paradoxical“controllable flexibility”occurs constitutes the research background of this paper.Applying the theory of network organization,the labor outsourcing model seems to break with the previous perception of a clear boundary between bureaucracy and market,and replaces it with a network organization form that combines bureaucratic control with market flexibility.This paper takes the standpoint of factories participating in labor outsourcing and examines by participatory observation how restructuring across bureaucratic boundaries occurs and develops.The research shows that factories and labor service companies are reorganized into a network organization of business docking,dual management and cross-crossing on the basis of open bureaucratic boundaries.The network responds to the employment uncertainty in two ways.On the one hand,the authorities open the vertical integration mechanism,set up labor coordination system of job matching from three aspects:mixing job placement,job adjustment,and personnel screening.While incorporating temporary workers into the assembly line,it opens up a coordination space that flexibly adjusts outsourcing jobs according to the actual situation of temporary workers.On the other hand,the bureaucracy opens up a horizontal extension mechanism to build an orderly temporary labor environment from three aspects:the paid opening of trial rights,the seamless operation of the position refill and the classification arrangement of the end of the construction period.While allowing temporary workers to freely enter and leave the factory,it ensures the stability and control of the factory production order.As a result,the manufacturing labor outsourcing model has the characteristics of controllable flexibility.Simultaneously,a controlled group of flexible workers is also produced as a tool fo

关 键 词：劳务外包 临时用工 网络组织 科层与市场 重组 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]