宫颈癌高危因素的研究进展  

Research progress on high-risk factors of cervical cancer

作　　者：沙丽娅·阿不都吾甫 欧阳玉美 张媛媛 Shaliya·Abuduwufu;OUYANG Yumei;ZHANG Yuanyuan(The Third Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第三临床医学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2025年第9期182-187,192,共7页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治卫生健康委员会“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202301B076)。

摘　　要：宫颈癌是全球女性中发病率和死亡率较高的癌症类型之一,特别在低收入和中等收入国家,疾病负担尤为沉重。即使宫颈癌是唯一一种病因和高危因素较为明确且能够有效预防的恶性肿瘤,但其发生过程仍然涉及多种因素、基因以及多阶段的复杂相互作用。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的持续感染是宫颈癌发生的必要条件,但并非充分条件。深入研究宫颈癌的危险因素,特别是对高危人群进行及时的筛查和随访,有助于有效降低其发生率并抑制癌症的发展。通过对相关文献的综合分析,宫颈癌的发生与多个因素密切相关,包括HPV感染、阴道微环境的变化、性行为、分娩次数、口服避孕药的使用、吸烟、营养状况、遗传易感性及年龄等。因此,实施早期筛查、诊断以及危险因素的综合评估,不仅能有效预防宫颈癌的发生,还能为患者的预后评估和个性化治疗提供有力依据。Cervical cancer is one of the cancer types with relatively high morbidity and mortality among women globally,especially in low-and middle-income countries where the disease burden is particularly heavy.Although cervical cancer is the only malignant tumor with relatively clear etiology and high-risk factors that can be effectively prevented,its occurrence process still involves complex interactions of multiple factors,genes,and multiple stages.Persistent infection with human papilloma virus(HPV)is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the occurrence of cervical cancer.In-depth research on the risk factors of cervical cancer,especially timely screening and follow-up of high-risk populations,is helpful to effectively reduce its incidence and inhibit the development of cancer.Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature,the occurrence of cervical cancer is closely related to multiple factors,including HPV infection,changes in the vaginal microenvironment,sexual behavior,number of deliveries,use of oral contraceptives,smoking,nutritional status,genetic susceptibility,and age.Therefore,implementing early screening,diagnosis,and comprehensive assessment of risk factors can not only effectively prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer but also provide a strong basis for prognostic assessment and personalized treatment of patients.

关 键 词：宫颈癌 高危因素 子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变 人乳头瘤病毒 

分 类 号：R737.33[医药卫生—肿瘤]