白菜型油菜-黑芥单体附加系的创制及遗传研究  

Development and genetic analysis of momosomic alien addition lines between Brassica rapa and B.nigra

作　　者：王顺林 武海燕 程靖雯 彭梓然 杨芩芩 张密密 谭晨 吴增祥 葛贤宏[2] 李再云[2] 李鹏飞 WANG Shun-lin;WU Hai-yan;CHENG Jing-wen;PENG Zi-ran;YANG Qin-qin;ZHANG Mi-mi;TAN Chen;WU Zeng-xiang;GE Xian-hong;LI Zai-yun;LI Peng-fei(Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Resources Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Life Sciences,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学中药民族药资源研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]赣南师范大学生命科学学院,江西赣州341000 [4]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期281-288,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32101692);贵州省基础研究计划(自然科学)(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般381);贵州中医药大学研究生教育创新计划(YCXKY2023013)。

摘　　要：为利用芸薹属B基因组及其可能的优良性状,以黑芥为芸薹属B基因组供体,将白菜型油菜与黑芥远缘杂交获得的三倍体杂种作为母本,与白菜型油菜亲本不断回交,利用分子标记、细胞学、形态学手段鉴定出附加黑芥B7和B8染色体的单体附加系,并对2个单体附加系进行表型考察和染色体行为观察。结果表明,白菜型油菜-黑芥B7和B8染色体单体附加系表现出一些特殊的表型,B7单体附加系雌不育严重,种子种皮颜色表现为淡黄色,叶片表现出亲本黑芥的毛刺表型;B8单体附加系表现出亲本黑芥植株高大、一次分枝数多的表型。细胞学分析表明黑芥B7和B8染色体在减数分裂过程中多以单价体形式存在,黑芥B7染色体上存在45S rDNA位点。雌雄配子传递率分析发现B7和B8染色体的传递率均较低,分别为B7染色体雌配子传递率9.14%、雄配子传递率6.58%,B8染色体雌配子传递率20.17%、雄配子传递率9.05%。本研究创制的白菜型油菜-黑芥B7和B8单体附加系将有利于深入解析黑芥基因组信息及利用其优良性状。To utilize B genome of Brassica nigra,triploid hybrids obtained from hybridization between B.rapa(turnip-type rapeseed)and black mustard were used as female parents,which were constantly backcrossed with B.rapa in this study.Two B.nigra chromosomes monosomic alien addition lines(MAALs)were identified by molecular markers,cytology and morphology.Progenies'phenotypes and chromosome behaviors were observed in MAALs.Results showed that B.rapa-nigra B7 and B8 chromosome MAALs exhibited special phenotypes.B7 MAAL exhibited severe female infertility,with a light yellow seed coat color and leaves displaying B.nigra trichome phenotype.B8 MAAL exhibited tall plant and multiple first branching from B.nigra.Cytological analysis showed that both B7 and B8 chromosomes of B.nigra existed as univalent during meiosis,and a 45S rDNA locus was found on B7 chromosome.Male and female gamete transmission rates revealed that the transmission frequencies of B7 and B8 chromosomes were low.B7 chromosome female gamete transmission rate was 9.14%,male gamete transmission rate was 6.58% and B8 chromosome female gamete transmission rate was 20.17%,male gamete transmission rate was 9.05%.B7 and B8 MAALs created in this study were valuable for deeply analysis.

关 键 词：白菜型油菜 黑芥 单体附加系 细胞学 表型 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]