强冬性白菜型油菜自交亲和系主要特征特性分析  

Characterization of the main feature in self-compatibility strong winter rapeseed(Brassica rapa L.)

作　　者：王婧瑜 杨雯昕 边靓 刘苗苗 范婷婷 武军艳[1] 蒲媛媛[1] 刘丽君 马骊[1] 王旺田[1] 方彦[1] 郑蕾 李利利 高顺平[4] 杨刚[1] 孙万仓[1] WANG Jing-yu;YANG Wen-xin;BIAN Liang;LIU Miao-miao;FAN Ting-ting;WU Jun-yan;PU Yuan-yuan;LIU Li-jun;MA Li;WANG Wang-tian;FANG Yan;ZHENG Lei;LI Li-li;GAO Shun-ping;YANG Gang;SUN Wan-cang(College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;Cheng County Seed Management Station,Longnan 742500,China;Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang 744000,China;Longxi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Dingxi 748100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]成县种子管理站,甘肃陇南742500 [3]平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000 [4]陇西县农业技术推广中心,甘肃定西748100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期289-301,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：高校教师创新基金项目(2024A-053);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA009);甘肃省现代寒旱农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-12);甘肃省高校产业支撑计划(2023CYZC-51);甘肃省科技计划-科技特派团专项(23CXNA0041);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12-09);甘肃农业大学科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-09)。

摘　　要：自交不亲和作物保纯困难,为了掌握强冬性白菜型油菜自交亲和系的特性,本文通过两年试验,从亲和指数、花粉与柱头互作、苗期主要植物学特性、农艺性状及品质性状等方面研究参试材料。结果表明,50份强冬性白菜型油菜品系中自交不亲和性表现出较大的变异幅度,根据亲和程度不同,可将其分为四种类型:高度自交亲和型、自交亲和型、自交不亲和型及高度自交不亲和型。亲和材料与不亲和材料花粉形态无差异,但未授粉的亲和材料柱头乳突细胞表面有较多的絮状附着物;且亲和材料自花授粉后,柱头萌发的花粉粒数量及花粉管数量明显多于不亲和材料。在植物学特征、农艺性状及品质性状等方面,亲和材料与不亲和材料之间无显著差异,表明亲和材料的亲和性可稳定遗传,且具有优良的农艺性状和品质。Preserving purity is difficult in self-incompatibility crops.To better understand Brassica rapa with self-compatibility in strong winter rapeseed,a two-year experiment was carried out to investigate self-compatibility index,pollen-stigma interactions,major botanical characteristics at seedling stage,agronomic traits and quality traits.Results indicated that self-incompatibility in 50 strong winter rapeseed lines had a large magnitude of variation,thus according to the degree of self-compatibility,they could be categorized into 4 types:highly self-compatible,self-compatible,self-incompatible,and highly self-incompatible.Although no difference in pollen morphology between self-compatibility and self-incompatibility materials,the stigma papillae cell surfaces of the compatible material that was not pollinated showed a greater amount of flocculent attachments.Moreover,numbers of pollen grains and pollen tubes sprouted from the stigma after self-pollination were significantly higher in the self-compatibility than in the self-incompatibility.In terms of botanical characteristics,agronomic and quality traits,there were no significant differences between self-compatibility materials and self-incompatibility materials,indicating that their self-compatibility could be stably inherited and had excellent agronomic traits and quality.

关 键 词：白菜型油菜 自交亲和性 亲和指数 相对亲和指数 扫描电镜 花粉-柱头互作 农艺性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]