芝麻种质资源矿质元素含量和品质性状分析与综合评价  

Evaluation of mineral content and quality traits of sesame germplasm resources

作　　者：周江龙 胡凤铎 周瑢[1] 周王易 王志坚 黎冬华[1] 张艳欣[1] 王林海[1] 游均 ZHOU Jiang-long;HU Feng-duo;ZHOU Rong;ZHOU Wang-yi;WANG Zhi-jian;LI Dong-hua;ZHANG Yan-xin;WANG Lin-hai;YOU Jun(Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期370-379,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14)。

摘　　要：评价和筛选优质芝麻种质,可为芝麻品质遗传改良提供优异亲本或中间材料。本研究测定120份资源种子中的8种矿质元素含量(钙、镁、磷、铁、铜、锰、锌和硒)和10种品质性状(含油量、蛋白含量、油酸、亚油酸、芝麻素、芝麻林素、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、Δ5-燕麦甾醇和豆甾醇),利用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析开展芝麻资源营养品质综合分析评价。结果发现,种子中磷与锌、镁与锰、铁与铜含量呈极显著正相关;钙与锌含量呈显著负相关;含油量与芝麻素、芝麻林素呈极显著正相关;油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关;芝麻素与芝麻林素呈极显著正相关;豆甾醇与含油量、蛋白含量、油酸、芝麻素、芝麻林素呈极显著负相关;铜与含油量、芝麻素之间呈极显著负相关;蛋白含量与除钙以外的矿质元素都呈正相关。从4种矿质元素(钙、铁、锌、硒)含量和10个品质性状中提取出6个主成分,累计贡献率为79.084%。通过筛选矿质元素含量与品质性状综合性评价结果,得到10份富含矿质元素且品质优异的种质。聚类分析结果显示120份芝麻种质资源可以划分为5个类群。类群Ⅰ包含18份种质,其铁、铜、锌、蛋白和油酸含量与其它类群相比较高;类群Ⅱ包含25份,其磷、镁、锰、硒和亚油酸含量与其它类群相比较高;类群Ⅲ包含24份芝麻资源,其钙、含油量、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量与其它类群相比较高;类群Ⅳ包含39份芝麻资源,各项品质较为均衡,但锌含量较低;类群Ⅴ包含14份芝麻资源,其植物甾醇含量较高,但含油量和芝麻素含量都低于其它类群。Evaluation and screening of high quality sesame germplasm provide excellent parents and intermediate materials for genetic improvement of sesame quality.In this study,contents of 8 mineral elements(calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium)and 10 quality traits(oil content,protein content,oleinic acid,linoleic acid,sesamin,sesamolin,β-sitosterol,campesterol,Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol)of 120 sesame germplasm were determined.Multiple statistical methods such as correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensive evaluation of nutritional quality of sesame resources.The results showed significantly positively correlations between phosphorus and zinc,magnesium and manganese,iron and copper;calcium was significantly negatively correlated with zinc;oil content was significantly positively correlated with sesamin and sesamolin;oleinic acid was significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid;sesamin was significantly positively correlated with sesamolin;stigmasterol were significantly negatively correlated with oil content,protein content,oleinic acid,sesamin,and sesamolin;copper had a significant negative correlation with oil content and sesamin;protein content was positively correlated with all mineral elements except calcium.A total of 6 principal components were extracted for 4 mineral element(calcium,iron,zinc,selenium)content and 10 quality traits,with a cumulative contribution rate of 79.084%.Ten germplasm with excellent quality and rich in mineral elements were screened through the results of the comprehensive evaluation of mineral element content and quality traits.The results of cluster analysis showed that the 120 sesame germplasm resources could be divided into 5 groups.Group Ⅰ contains 18 germplasm with high contents of iron,copper,zinc,protein and oleinic acid compared with other groups;Group Ⅱ contains 25 sesame resources with high contents of phosphorus,magnesium,manganese,selenium and linoleic acid compared with ot

关 键 词：芝麻 种质资源 种子 矿质含量 品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]