油菜品种中油杂501高产油的氮素需求规律  

Nitrogen demand characteristics in Brassica napus cultivar Zhongyouza 501 with high oil production

作　　者：胡文诗 李凯旭 尹羽丰[3] 常海滨[4] 余小红 黄威 顾炽明 李银水[1] 廖星[1] 秦璐[1] HU Wen-shi;LI Kai-xu;YIN Yu-feng;CHANG Hai-bin;YU Xiao-hong;HUANG Wei;GU Chi-ming;LI Yin-shui;LIAO Xing;QIN Lu(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;Shayang Agriculture and Technology Extension and Service Center,Shayang 448200,China;Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441000,China;Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huanggang 438000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]沙洋县农业技术推广中心,湖北沙洋448200 [3]襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441000 [4]黄冈市农业科学院,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期435-442,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202105);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610172022008);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)。

摘　　要：提高单位面积产油量是油菜生产发展的目标。为阐明油菜品种中油杂501高产油的氮素需求规律,于2022-2023年在湖北省4个县市布置施氮量大田试验,测定油菜生物量和氮素积累量动态变化,分析籽粒产量和产油量对施氮的响应,明确高产油量目标下的干物质和氮素积累规律。结果表明,施氮提高单株角果数是获得高籽粒产量的前提,但高氮素投入降低籽粒含油量3.3%~12.1%。各试点获得最高籽粒产量的氮肥投入为251~285 kg/hm^(2),但获得最大产油量,氮肥投入可降低15%~23%。目标菜籽产量4500 kg/hm^(2)比3000 kg/hm^(2)及以下的植株最大氮素积累量和最大生物量,分别高出7.2%~47.5%和3.7%~49.4%;前者植株生物量的快速增长期明显提前,植株氮素养分在播种36 d后开始迅速积累;生物量和氮素积累量在播种100 d左右(越冬期)分别达到5880 kg/hm^(2)和128.5 kg/hm^(2),比后者分别高出1.8~4.1倍和0.4~4.1倍。综上,中油杂501品种高产油的适宜氮肥施用量为191~257 kg/hm^(2),越冬生物量达到5880 kg/hm^(2)保障籽粒高产。生产中为保证高籽粒产油量,要协调氮肥投入与菜籽含油量的关系,适当降低氮肥总投入量以提高单位面积产油量。Higher oil product is the target of Brassica napus production.To better understand nitrogen(N)demand characteristics of oilseed rape cultivar Zhongyouza 501 for high oil product target,field experiments with different N application rates were conducted in 4 counties at Hubei Province during the 2022-2023 growing season.The dynamic changes in shoot biomass and N accumulation rate of Zhongyouza 501 were measured to analyze the responses of seed yield and oil product to N supply rates,and clarify the dynamic dry matter and N accumulation rate under high oil product targets.Results showed that sufficient N application was a prerequisite for high seed yield by increasing pod number per plant,but seed oil content was reduced by 3.3%-12.1% under high N input.The N input amount for obtaining the maximum seed yield at each experimental site was 251-285 kg/hm^(2),while the input could be reduced by 15%-23% for obtaining the maximum oil product.The maximum N accumulation and biomass in shoot of oilseed rape with a target seed yield of 4500 kg/hm^(2) were higher than those with seed yield of 3000 kg/hm^(2) or below by 7.2%-47.5% and 3.7%-49.4%,respectively.The rapid growth stage of oilseed rape with a target seed yield of 4500 kg/hm^(2) was significantly advanced,and N nutrient in shoot began to accumulate rapidly after 36 d of sowing.The biomass and N accumulation rate on shoot with a target seed yield of 4500 kg/hm^(2) could reached at 5880 kg/hm^(2)and 128.5 kg/hm^(2) at 100d after sowing(over-winter stage),which was higher than those with seed yield of 3000 kg/hm^(2) or below by 1.8-4.1 times and 0.4-4.1 times,respectively.In summary,the suitable N rate for high oil product of Zhongyouza 501 cultivar was 191-257 kg/hm^(2),and the overwintering biomass with 5880 kg/hm^(2) could promote high seed yield.In production,it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between N rates and seed oil content by properly reducing N fertilizer input rate to achieve high oil product per area.

关 键 词：油菜 含油量 目标产量 氮素积累量 生物量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]