青藏高原错那-沃卡断裂带活动性与地质安全风险防控对策研究  

Study on the activity of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and geological safety risks and prevention methods

作　　者：强新刚[1] 郭长宝[2,3] 孙东霞 韩建恩 张广泽[1] 张敏[1] 邱振东[2] 何平 QIANG Xingang;GUO Changbao;SUN Dongxia;HAN Jian’en;ZHANG Guangze;ZHANG Min;QIU Zhendong;HE Ping(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031 [2]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [3]自然资源部活动构造与地质安全重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2025年第2期301-312,共12页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221816);国家自然科学基金项目(42372339);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(JKYZD202410)。

摘　　要：沿青藏高原雅鲁藏布江缝合带修建的高原铁路穿越错那-沃卡活动断裂带,而断裂活动引起同震地表错动造成的工程错断、隧道变形、地质灾害等危害,是铁路运营阶段面临的重要地质安全风险。基于遥感解译、野外调查并结合已有研究成果,分析了穿越高原铁路的错那-沃卡断裂带的发育特征、活动性及其对铁路工程的影响。研究结果表明,错那-沃卡断裂带由5条北东走向的分支断裂组成,其中沃卡盆地西边界断裂(F_(2-1)、F_(2-2))为晚更新世活动断裂,沃卡盆地东边界断裂(F_(2-4)、F_(2-5))为全新世活动断裂,盆地内部断裂F_(2-3)为1915年桑日M_(S)7.0地震的发震断裂。根据断裂活动造成的变形迹象考察以及活动断裂类型来估算断裂影响范围,未来错那-沃卡断裂带的分支断裂发生同震地表错动时,可能对穿越断裂带的藏嘎隧道和桑珠岭隧道造成变形破坏,断裂活动影响范围宽度为16~30 m。因此,建议加强对高原铁路穿越活动断裂区段的强震变形、工程错断等地质安全风险防控对策研究。文章研究结果为指导高原铁路安全运营和防灾减灾,以及为其他铁路线的活动断裂工程影响评价提供参考。[Objective]The Plateau Railway,constructed along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,crosses the active Cuona-Woka Fault Zone.Coseismic surface rupture caused by the active fault leads to engineering breaks,tunnel deformation,and geological disasters;it poses a significant geological safety risk during railway operation.[Methods]Based on remote sensing,field investigation,and published research,this paper analyzes the development characteristics,activity,and impact of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone on the Plateau Railway that it intersects.[Results]The study shows that the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone consists of five northeast-trending branch faults.The western boundary faults of the Woka Basin(F_(2-1),F_(2-2))show Late Pleistocene activity,the eastern boundary faults of the Woka Basin(F_(2-4),F_(2-5))have Holocene activity,and the F_(2-3) fault within the basin is the seismogenic fault of the 1915 M_(S)7.0 Sangri earthquake.Based on the deformation signs caused by fault activity and the types of active faults,it is estimated that future coseismic surface ruptures of the branch faults of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone may cause deformation and damage to the Zangga tunnel and the Sangzhuling tunnel,which cross the fault zone,with an impact width of approximately 16~30 m.[Conclusion]Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen research on geological safety risk prevention measures for strong seismic deformation and engineering breaks in the sections of the Plateau Railway crossing the active fault zone.[Significance]The results of the study provide guidance for safe operation and disaster prevention and mitigation of the Plateau Railway,as well as a reference for the impact assessment of active fault engineering on other railway lines.

关 键 词：高原铁路 错那-沃卡 活动断裂 地质安全 工程错断 风险防控 

分 类 号：P546[天文地球—构造地质学] U216[天文地球—地质学]