南水北调中线工程冬季输水动态目标水位控制算法研究  

Research on dynamic target water levels control algorithm for water transfer in winter inthe Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

作　　者：管光华[1] 李若然 罗秋实 郭新蕾[3] GUAN Guanghua;LI Ruoran;LUO Qiushi;GUO Xinlei(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Department of Agricultural Water Resources Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Corporation Limited,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [3]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2025年第3期297-308,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202500)。

摘　　要：南水北调中线工程小流量、低流速的冬季冰期输水模式有利于形成平封冰盖,但却大大降低了输水能力,影响了工程效益。本文研究旨在保证工程安全运行的前提下尽可能维持冬季常规输水工况,必要时再紧急切换至冰期输水模式,尽可能缩短形成冰盖下输水条件的入冬过渡期时间。为此,基于ID模型和水位偏差目标值计算式建立输水渠系状态空间方程,修改目标函数,实现目标水位的实时更新,并对模型预测控制算法进行了初步改进。将其应用于京石段的13个渠池,结果表明:在大流量变化工况下,相较于下游常水位运行的PID控制结果,水位提前35 h达到稳定状态,过渡期缩减34%;渠道流量从设计流量的79%线性减小到40%时,各渠池目标水位变化范围在0~0.078 m之间,满足工程运行要求的水位变幅,高水位的运行状态有利于实现冰期安全输水。本研究能在动态性能不显著下降的前提下更快完成冰期应急过渡,在一定程度上提高冬季输水效益。The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project faces significant challenges in winter water conveyance.Low flow and slow velocity during the ice period is conductive to form a stable ice cover,but substantially reduce water delivery capacity and affects the project benefits.This study aims to maintain normal water conveyance as much as possible in winter under the premise of ensuring safe operation of the project,and to swiftly transition to emergency ice-period conveyance mode when necessary.Starting from this premise,this study developed state-space equations for the water conveyance system based on the ID model and water level deviation target calculations.Furthermore,the objective function was modified to enable real-time updates of target water levels.Applied to 13 canal pools in the Beijing-Shijiazhuang section,the results show that under conditions of significant flow variations,compared to downstream constant water level operation using PID control,the method proposed in this study achieves a stable water level 35 hours earlier,reducing the time of transitional period by 34%.As channel flow linearly decreases from 79%to 40%of the design flow,the target water levels in each canal vary between 0 and 0.078 meters,meeting the operational requirements for water level changes.High water level operation is conducive to safe water conveyance during the ice period.The study incrementally increases the maximum water level change,but achieves a faster transition without significant deterioration in dynamic performance.By making preliminary improvements to the MPC algorithm,this study successfully achieves a rapid emergency transition during the ice period,enhancing the efficiency of winter water conveyance while ensuring the safety of the project’s operation.

关 键 词：控制蓄量 模型预测控制 南水北调中线 动态目标水位 下游常水位 

分 类 号：TV133[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]