墨工设计哲学探析——试论中国古代已经有成体系的设计哲学  

An Exploration of Mohist Design Philosophy:On the Existence of a Systematic Design Philosophy in Ancient China

作　　者：纪阳[1] 张平[1] Ji Yang;Zhang Ping(School of Information and Communication Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学信息与通信工程学院,北京100876

出　　处：《工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程》2025年第2期303-312,共10页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：北京市高等教育学会课题:基于AI大模型多智能体的模拟工程实践教育模式研究(MS2024296)。

摘　　要：《墨经》文本中蕴含了一套完整的设计哲学思想。“所得而后成”触及了物性成因分析的根本议题,“体,分于兼也”则阐述了系统观念,探讨了整体与部分间的解构与建构过程,与设计本体论、认识论及方法论紧密相连;“且,言然也”揭示了设计的本质是构想未来事物的形态,与设计本体论息息相关;“所得而喜,所得而恶”关注用户体验,着重指出设计需贴合用户的实际需求与情感反应;“功,利民也”强调设计的核心价值在于造福民众,“不能而不害”则从系统视角提出了物的价值评估原则,是设计价值论的体现;“法,众循”与“意规圆三也俱,可以为法”给出了设计方案需具备被大众依循的条件,是设计方法论的重要组成部分;“知,闻说亲名实合为”构建了一个认知流程,与设计认识论相关联;“合,正、宜、必”涉及了设计方案检验、适宜性法则及必要性法则等内容,是设计价值论与方法论的融合体现。这些论述不仅为设计思维与方法提供了指引,还凸显了设计的伦理维度与社会责任,与现代设计哲学理念不谋而合,构成了墨工设计哲学的基本概念与原则框架。作为目前已知的古代东西方唯一的设计哲学体系,墨工设计哲学展现出鲜明的特色与深厚的理论价值,应当促使这一优秀的传统科技文化思想与现代社会需求相结合,推动其持续进步与发展。The Mo Jing text encompasses a systematic philosophy of design.The Mohist philosophy of design stands as the sole ancient design philosophy system that spans both Eastern and Western traditions."obtaining and then completing"tackles the fundamental issue of analyzing the causation of material properties."the part is divided from the whole"presents a systematic perspective,encompassing the deconstruction and reconstruction between the whole and its parts,which intersects with the ontology,epistemology,and methodology of design."Qie,related to the appearance of future things"highlights that the essence of design lies in conceptualizing the forms of future entities,tied to the ontology of design."Obtaining and being pleased/displeased"incorporates user experience,emphasizing that design should cater to users'needs and emotions."Achievement,benefiting the people"underscores the importance of design in serving the public good."Unable and not harmful"offers an evaluation principle for assessing the value of objects from a systemic viewpoint,embodying the theory of design value."Law,what the masses follow"and"the concept of the circle,with compasses as a tool for drawing perfect circles—these three,when united,form the basis of the law"provide the conditions under which a design plan can gain mass acceptance,forming part of the methodology of design."Hearing cognition,presumption cognition,embodied cognition,naming cognition,practice cognition,unity cognition,and achieving cognition"constitute a cognitive sequence related to the epistemology of design."Correctness,appropriateness,necessity"involves the testing of design plans,the principle of appropriateness,and the principle of necessity,integrating design value theory and methodology.These texts offer guidance on design thinking and methods while emphasizing the ethics and social responsibility inherent in design,aligning with contemporary design philosophy concepts.They can be seen as the foundational concepts and principles of the Mohist philosophy of design.

关 键 词：设计哲学 工程哲学 墨子 墨经 墨工学 设计 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]