马来西亚语言竞争格局的历时演进及治理镜鉴  

Diachronic Evolution and Lessons of Governance of Language Competitive Pattern in Malaysia

作　　者：李英姿[1,2] 郭子隆 LI Yingzi;KOAY Zhi Loong(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin,China 300071;Institute of Intercultural Communication,Nankai University,Tianjin,China 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071 [2]南开大学跨文化交流研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《昆明学院学报》2025年第2期26-33,共8页Journal of Kunming University

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“联合国语言政策的历史演进与当代实践研究”(23AYY015);国家语委2022年度重大项目“新文科背景下的语言学学科建设研究”(ZDA145-7);国家语委2023年度科研项目“联合国语言政策80年演进与启示”(ZDI145-89)。

摘　　要：马来西亚的语言竞争格局一直聚焦马来语和英语的双语博弈并经历四阶段演进,其演进过程是观察语言治理实践的合适视窗,可为其他国家提供借鉴。马来西亚社会通过“自下而上”的经济理性迫使政府调整语言政策,政府再以“自上而下”的政策传导重塑语言竞争格局,这种双向互动治理机制使英语得以确立霸权地位。未来,马来语可能通过宪法修订和政策强化不断提升象征价值,英语则通过经济机制和教育渗透巩固其隐性霸权地位。马来西亚语言竞争格局表明,双向互动机制、经济价值评估和声望规划策略在语言治理过程中发挥关键作用,对中国的语言治理有一定镜鉴。Malaysia's language competition pattern predominantly focuses on the bilingual relationship between Malay and English,evolving through four distinct stages,and serves as an insightful window into language governance practices,offering valuable insights for other countries to manage their language governance.In Malaysian society,economic imperatives have exerted bottom-up pressure on the government to adapt its language policies,while top-down institutional frameworks have,in turn,influenced language competition pattern.This two-way interactive governance mechanism has enabled English to secure its position as the dominant language.Moving forward,Malay may continue to gain symbolic significance through constitutional amendments and policy reinforcement,while English will solidify its implicit dominance through economic influence and educational integration.Malaysia's language competition pattern illustrates the significance of bidirectional interaction mechanisms,economic value assessments,and prestige planning in language governance.These findings offer valuable implications for the development of China's language governance.

关 键 词：马来西亚 语言竞争格局 语言治理 马来语 英语 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]