焊接顺序对U肋双面焊接头残余应力及变形的影响  

Effects of Welding Sequence on Residual Stress and Deformation in U-Rib Double-Sided Welded Joints

作　　者：田亮 徐正 肖飞知 樊立龙 赵健 TIAN Liang;XU Zheng;XIAO Feizhi;FAN Lilong;ZHAO Jian(School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学土木工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司,天津300300 [3]清华大学土木工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《桥梁建设》2025年第2期66-72,共7页Bridge Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51708346);天津市自然科学基金面上项目(24JCYBJC00850);中国铁建股份有限公司科研重大专项(2023-A01)。

摘　　要：为了解焊接顺序对U肋双面焊接头残余应力及变形的影响,建立典型钢桥面板双面焊接头的有限元模型,基于热弹塑性理论分析4种不同焊接顺序(内焊缝→打底焊→盖面焊、打底焊→盖面焊→内焊缝、内焊缝与打底焊同步施工→盖面焊、打底焊→内焊缝与盖面焊同步施工)下U肋双面焊接头的温度场、焊接残余应力及变形的情况。结果表明:不同焊接顺序下U肋内、外焊缝焊趾处测点在热源经过时温度骤升,远离测点温度陡降;U肋内、外焊缝同步施焊时,局部热输入叠加导致焊趾处峰值温度明显升高;焊接残余应力在焊缝及其热影响区分布状态复杂,残余拉应力主要分布在试件中心线50 mm范围内,横向残余应力在数值上小于纵向残余应力;打底焊→盖面焊→内焊缝方案的横向残余拉应力峰值相比打底焊→内焊缝与盖面焊同步施工方案降低11.9%;不同焊接顺序下试件的焊接变形沿顶板上表面呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,打底焊→盖面焊→内焊缝方案的竖向变形最小。综合考虑焊接横向残余应力和焊接变形等因素,U肋双面焊接头推荐采用先施工打底焊及盖面焊(外焊缝),后施工内焊缝的焊接方案。This paper numerically investigates the effect of welding sequence on the residual stress and deformation in the U-rib double-sided welded joints.Based on the thermo-elasto-plastic theory,the temperature fields,welding residual stress and deformation in the U-rib double-sided welded joints were analyzed,when four different welding sequences were considered,including internal welding→backing welding→cosmetic welding(sequence 1),backing welding→cosmetic welding→internal welding(sequence 2),parallel internal and backing welding→cosmetic welding(sequence 3),and backing welding→parallel internal welding and cosmetic welding(sequence 4).The results demonstrate that the temperature spikes at the roots of the internal and external welded joints by all the four welding sequences as the thermal sources pass by,but drop while thermal sources being far away from the inspection point.As the internal and external welding is carried out in tandem,there appears localized thermal superposition,which leads to surge of peak temperature at the welding toes.The distribution of residual stresses in the welded joints and their heat-affected zones is complex,and the residual tensile stress is mainly distributed within the 50 mm range of the centerline of the specimen,and the transverse residual stress is smaller than the longitudinal residual stress.By sequence 2,the peak lateral residual tensile stress is 11.9%lower than that by sequence 4.The deformation of the specimen shows sign of from increase to decrease along the upper surface of the deck.By sequence 2,the vertical deformation is the smallest.Comprehensively considering the transverse residual stress and deformation,the sequence 2 is recommended for the U-rib double-sided welding.

关 键 词：钢桥面板 U肋双面焊接头 焊接顺序 温度场 焊接残余应力 焊接变形 有限元法 

分 类 号：U443.31[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U445.583[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]