脑卒中吞咽障碍病人精准摄食方案的构建及应用  

Construction and application of precise feeding scheme for stroke patients with dysphagia

作　　者：冯晓瑜[1] 叶慧玲[1] 张咏军 常飞飞 吴晓冰[1] FENG Xiaoyu;YE Huiling;ZHANG Yongjun;CHANG Feifei;WU Xiaobing(The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangdong 520120 China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属第一医院,广东520120

出　　处：《循证护理》2025年第8期1517-1522,共6页Chinese Evidence-Based Nursing

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金立项项目,编号:A2021316;广东省中医药局中医药科研项目,编号:20242056;广州市中医药和中西医结合科技项目,编号:20212A011019。

摘　　要：目的:基于循证方法构建脑卒中吞咽障碍病人精准摄食方案,并探究其在脑卒中吞咽障碍病人中的应用效果。方法:基于循证方法同时结合专家咨询构建脑卒中吞咽障碍病人精准摄食方案。采用便利抽样法选取2019年1月—2022年12月在广东省某三级甲等医院神经内科住院的87例脑卒中吞咽障碍病人作为研究对象,将2019年1月—2021年12月住院的病人列为对照组(43例),将2022年1月—12月住院的病人列为试验组(44例);对照组实施常规护理,试验组实施精准摄食方案,干预后比较两组病人的吞咽功能(咽反射、呕吐反射、咳嗽反射、喉上抬)、吞咽障碍生活质量及心理状况。结果:试验组咽反射、呕吐反射、咳嗽反射及心理改善状况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:本研究基于循证方法构建的脑卒中吞咽障碍病人精准摄食方案具有科学性和可行性,有助于改善脑卒中吞咽障碍病人的吞咽功能和心理状况。Objective:To construct a precise feeding scheme for stroke patients with dysphagia based on evidence-based methods,and to explore its application effects in this patient population.Methods:A precise feeding scheme for stroke patients with dysphagia was developed using evidence-based methods combined with expert consultation.A convenience sampling method was used to select 87 stroke patients with dysphagia admitted to the neurology department of a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province between January 2019 and December 2022.Patients admitted from January 2019 to December 2021 were assigned to the control group(43 patients),and those admitted from January to December 2022 were assigned to the experimental group(44 patients).The control group received routine care,while the experimental group received the precise feeding scheme.After the intervention,swallowing function(pharyngeal reflex,gag reflex,cough reflex,laryngeal elevation),swallowing-related quality of life,and psychological status were compared between the two groups.Results:Improvements in pharyngeal reflex,gag reflex,cough reflex,and psychological status were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).Conclusion:The precise feeding scheme for stroke patients with dysphagia developed in this study based on evidence-based methods is scientific and feasible,which may contributing to improvements in swallowing function and psychological status among stroke patients with dysphagia.

关 键 词：脑卒中 吞咽障碍 精准摄食 方案构建 循证护理 

分 类 号：R473.74[医药卫生—护理学]