钱谦益如何自树立——论易代士人交际与声名的建构及诠释  

Qian Qianyi's Self-fashioning in Turbulent Times--On the Construction and Interpretation of Social Networks and Reputation Among Scholar-officials in Dynastic Transition

作　　者：张娜娜 ZHANG Nana(Institute of History,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学历史研究院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期54-64,共11页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清诗自注研究”(23CZW027)的研究成果。

摘　　要：明清之际,钱谦益等易代士人面临身份、文化断裂的危机,他们之间的诗文往来成为干预世运、诠释自我的重要力量,彰显了易代士人建立名声的社会网络以及诠释名声的群体文化。“自我”是一个社会关系的交织概念,由其对“他者”的理解创造而来。就钱谦益而言,在“贰臣”或“遗民”群体中,他以借题发挥或自我剖白的形式,微妙地呈现身份转变;他还在门生故旧中寻觅“代言人”,从第三者的角度为自己发声,消解自我修饰之嫌;与文人群体的纷争与交流成为其建构“学思自传”的重要手段。此外,柳如是之类的明季女性则是其表达故明臣子和抗清志士身份的“符码”。作为“明清痛史”的典型,钱谦益等士人自树立的方式可以为分析近现代“新痛史”中传统士人如何自我书写,以及在文学、艺术创作上如何进行新变提供参考。During the Ming-Qing transition,scholar-officials such as Qian Qianyi faced crises of identity and cultural rupture.Their poetic and epistolary exchanges became a vital force for intervening in historical currents and interpreting the self,revealing the social networks through which scholar-officials of dynastic transition constructed their reputation and the collective culture that shaped their legacies.The“self”is an interwoven concept of social relations,created through one's understanding of the“other”.In Qian Qianyi's case,he subtly navigated his shifting identity—whether among“the turncoat officials”or“the Ming loyalists”—through allusive rhetoric and self-revelation.He also sought“spokespersons”among his disciples and old acquaintances,allowing third-party voices to articulate his stance and mitigate suspicions of self-justification.Disputes and exchanges with fellow literati became crucial means of constructing his“intellectual autobiography”.Additionally,women of the late Ming,such as Liu Rushi,served as symbolic“codes”through which he expressed his dual identity as a former Ming official and a Qing-resistant scholar.As a defining figure in the“painful history of the Ming-Qing transition”,Qian Qianyi's self-fashioning offers insights for analyzing how traditional scholars in modern“new painful histories”engaged in self-narration and how they made new changes in literary and artistic creation.

关 键 词：钱谦益 易代士人 自我 交际 声名 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]